Microsoomes: An fi son tsarin maganin cututtukan mitre don binciken magunguna na rashin aiki

Microsoomes: An fi son tsarin maganin cututtukan mitre don binciken magunguna na rashin aiki

Microsomes: Ma'anar da ayyuka

A mafi yawan lokuta, Microsomes ke magana da ƙwayar cuta, Vesicululululululululululululululululululululululululululululululululululululad kusan 100 nm a diamitaStam (er) a lokacin da sel homogenugation. Waɗannan majalisun da aka saba waambobin da aka haɗa da abubuwa guda biyu na asali: er membranes da ribosomes. Microsomes da farko ana wadatar da su tare da cytochrrome p450 (Cyp450) Excymes Extase, wanda ya taka rawar gani a cikin hauhawar ciki kuma sune key enzymes a kantin metabolmes.

A cikin Vitro, Micrososes suna riƙe da mahimman ayyukan er, ciki har da furotin furosyis, furotin glycosyhhemical da magunguna na magunguna.

Hoto 1: Microsoomes (tushen: Intanet)

1. Kogin kananan kwayoyi a cikin metabolism

Miyafa miyagun ƙwayoyi yana nufin sunadarai canje-canje magani ne a cikin jiki, yana haifar da gyare-gyare na tsarin tsari. Wannan tsari, wanda aka sani da berorantformation, da farko yakan faru a cikin gabobin kamar hanta, kodan, huhu, ciki, hanji, da fata. Daga cikin waɗannan, hanta ita ce babban shafin metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi, kodan na biye da na biyu mafi mahimmancin sashin jiki.

A cikin hanta, magani - metaboliing enzymes catalyze catalyze castalyze commalyze compalmational calalyze compy ctionsu gaba daya zuwa biyu matakai biyu: lokaci na metabolism da lokaci na ii.

• Lokaci ITH (Lokaci na na dauki): Wannan matakin ya ƙunshi rashin inganci, ragi, ko hydrolytic halayen da ke samar da samfuran al'ada, sau da yawa ciki har da ƙungiyoyin marasa amfani, sau da yawa ciki har da ƙungiyoyin marasa amfani, sau da yawa ciki har da ƙungiyoyin marasa iskar oxygen. Waɗannan halayen na iya haifar da hepatotoxicity.
• Lokaci II Serbolism (lokaci na II amsawa): Wannan lokaci ya ƙunshi abubuwan daidaitawa, wanda da farko ba da farko don kawar da kwayoyi. Bayan metabolism, yawancin kwayoyi sun rasa aikin magunguna, kodayake 'yan tsiraru na iya zama masu warkarwa na warkewa.

Kashin hanta kimanin kashi 70% - 80% na yawan metin metin miyagun ƙwayoyi, yana nuna matsayinta na tsakiya a cikin Biotransption.

Baya ga hanta, kodan ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi, lissafin kimanin 10% - 20% na jimlar aiki na rayuwa. Kwararrun kwayoyi masu kyau da metabolites sun ta hanyar tabo da sihiri. Koyaya, damar su don saurin magani yana da iyaka, wanda zai iya haifar da tarin wasu kwayoyi da masu wahala.

Bayan hanta da kodan, sauran gabobin kamar tsarin hanji na hanji da kuma huhu kuma suna taka rawa wajen yin tasiri cikin sha.

Hoto na 2: dauki Catalyzed by Monooxygenase (tushen: intanet)

2. Maɓallin Enzymes a cikin gabobin ƙwayar cuta

Kamar yadda aka tattauna, maganin metabolism da farko ya dogara da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin enzyme a hanta, kodan, gastrointestinal fili, da sauran gabobin. Fahimtar bayanan enzymatic na wadannan gabobin suna da mahimmanci don cikakken nazarin nazarin samar da miyagun ƙwayoyin cuta.

Enzymes da hannu a cikin metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi ana rarrabe su zuwa aji biyu: Tsarin Micrsyme na Micrikymal kuma ba shi ne - Tsarin Moryzal.

• Tsarin microsomal enzyme:
  Wadannan enzymes an yi min kansu a cikin rumfuran libophilic na lebe na entoplasmatmic jan hanta a cikin kwayoyin hanta da sauran sel. Mafi mahimmancin rukuni na enzymes a cikin hepatmes na hepics shine hepater melusomal gauraye - suna aiki tsarin oxidepygenases (cyp450). Waɗannan enzymes suna wakiltar babban hanyoyin farko don metabolism magunguna a cikin jiki, mai iya haifar da wasu kewayon halayen hadawa da yawa. Catarfafa biootransformation da wadannan enzymes na bukatar hadewar cytochrome P450 (Cyp450), sunadarai na isashshen ƙarfe, da sauran masu aikin gida, da sauran masu watsa ruwa.
  Ari ga haka, UDP - Glucuronferesyltrasfereses (UGS), wani muhimmin bangare na lokaci na II metabolism na entoplasmic, suna yin enzymes na tsarin micrat.
• Non - Memoryme tsarin enzyme:
  Hakanan ana kiranta da nau'in II Enzymes, waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙuruciya, sulfotransfereses (sallat), n - acetyltrasfereses (naks), da amino acid conjugating enzymes. Non - microsomal enzymes da farko sauƙaƙe lokaci na II metabolism.

Bayan rawar da aka yi tunanin ilimin halittar jiki a cikin riƙe ruwa da kuma daidaitaccen kayan aiki da abubuwan fashewa, koda kuma wani muhimmin biotransphications na lokaci.

• Lokaci na lokacin da nake amfani da shi a cikin koda:
  Ya hada da enzymes na P450, dehydrogenases, da kuma yawan maida hankali da ayyukansu suna da matukar muhimmanci fiye da waɗanda ke hanta, da kuma yin lokaci mai ƙarfi na metabolism ƙasa da rinjaye.
• Lokaci II Metabolism a cikin koda:
  Da farko ya ƙunshi cinya, sallts, gsts, da amino acid sun mamaye enzalmes, suna wasa babban aiki a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyin cuta.

Hanji, a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi yawan kwayar narkewa, shima yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi. A cikin hanjin hanji, da yawa kwayoyi a cikin halayen metabolic wanda ke canza su zuwa mafi yawan metabolites. Wadannan matakan rayuwa suna faruwa ta hanyar hanyoyi biyu:

1. Enzymatic metabolism a tsakanin sel na ciki, wanda ya shafi enzymes kamar cyp450, Ugts, da lipases.
2. Microbal - Sunada saukarwa ta metabolism ta microbabias na ciki.

Tare, waɗannan hanyoyin enzymatics a gabobin daban-daban suna tabbatar da ingantacciyar metabolism da kuma hana magunguna da hadin gwiwar hanyoyin metabolis a jiki.

Koyaya, tare da cigaban cigaban cigaba a cikin magani, magunguna shaye sun gargadi matuƙar hankali a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma iyawar da suka gabata, da ikon wucewa da farko - wuce metabolism. Ba kamar magungunan baka na al'ada ba, ƙirar shayarwa suna isar da magani kai tsaye ga kyallen ƙamiɓɓu kai tsaye, guje wa hepatic da farko - wuce sosai. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin binciken metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin huhu don yin amfani da shayarwa.

Abubuwan huhu suna ɗauke da magunguna da dama - haɗawa da enzymes, gami da enzymes na p450, enzabation Enzugases, da Flavin - dauke da Monooxygenases. Daga cikin wadannan, enzmony p450 enzymes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Biotransformation na Xenobiotics, da detovices na shayar da gubobi.

A takaice,Magungunan ƙwayar cuta a cikin jiki yawanci tsari ne wanda ya shafi sassan da yawa da tsarin enzyme. Don haka, yayin farkon cigaban miyagun ƙwayoyi na gaba, zaɓar da ya dace a cikin hanyoyin encidating na rayuwa da kuma gano mahimmin metzolizing enzymes.

3. A cikin tsarin miyagun ƙwayoyin cuta na vitro: Microses

Idan aka kwatanta da a cikin karatuttukan Vivo Metabololm, a cikin binciken Vitro suna rage tsangwama daga abubuwan da ke tsakanin kwayoyi da enzymes. Sakamakon haka, a cikin samfuran metabolism na vitro sun zama zaɓin da aka fi so yayin ci gaban magunguna. Abubuwan da ke yau da kullun don nazarin ilimin halittar vitro sun hada da microomes, gutsattsarin S9, Cytosol, nama homogenates, da sel na firam. Ganin hanta shine babban shafin metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi, sel na hepics da abubuwan haɗin suIrin hanta microomes, crovorts na s9, hanta nama homogenates, da kuma cytosol-sune manyan samfuran farko don nazarin metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Microsomes, musamman, tsarin membrane na vesicrane da aka samo daga yadudduka na Bayyanar da kai - tara lokacin homogenugation da banbanci da bambanci. An rarraba su a cikin gabobin kamar hanta, kodan, hanji, da huhu. Yayin da Micrones sun ƙunshi lokaci I enzymes kamar Cytochrrome P450 (Cyp450) da kuma Enz4) da kuma enzymes na yanzu, suna kewaye da kewayon hanyoyi daban-daban. Don haka, zaɓin nama - takamaiman microsomes mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin binciken miyagun ƙwayoyin cuta.

Bugu da ƙari, a cewar jagororin fasaha don nazarin nazarin magunguna na rashin aiki, dabbobin gwaji kamar beraye, an saba amfani da aladu na guine, da kuma birai, ana amfani da aladu na guine. Don sababbin magunguna, aƙalla ƙalla biyu ya kamata a aiki, tare da ɗaya nau'in ƙwayar cuta da sauran nau'ikan rodent. Bayan nau'in dabbobi, kayan jikin mutum-Irin su da lafiyar lafiyar chosomes-ana kuma jaddada su azaman kayan aikin mabuɗin nazarin Adme na rashin aiki na rashin aiki. Sakamakon haka, zaɓi microsomes daga nau'in nau'ikan, gami da mutane ne mai mahimmanci a binciken mungiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.

A cikin haske wannan,Iphayan, a matsayin mai samar da mai samar da kwayar halitta na kwayar halitta, ya samu nasarar bunkasa kayayyakin messome daga kyallen daban-daban na iri, da mice. Waɗannan samfuran suna ba da fannoni da yawa don nazarin bambance-bambancen halitta, kwanciyar hankali na metabolic, shafuwar p450, da enzyme phenzing.

Tare da matakan kulawa mai inganci, Iphayan suna tabbatar da amincin samfurin, taimaka wa abokan ciniki su sami ingantaccen lokaci da inganta inganci. Irin Chilesomes Microom sune kyakkyawan zaɓi a cikin binciken ba na Vitro ba.

Abvantbuwan amfãni na shopomes Microsome Products:

• Yarda:Dukkanin kyallen takarda da aka yi amfani da su a samarwa suna so a tashoshi ta hanyar sadarwa tare da nuna rashin nasara.
• Aminci:Ana gwada gatsuwa na samarwa don cututtukan cututtukan don tabbatar da ingancin samfurin da aminci.
• Babban inganci:Kayayyakin da ake amfani da samfuran ingancin ciki na ciki, tabbatar da mafi girma Batch girma tare da Minimal Inter - Batch Cict'a.
• Kirki:Ka'idodin samfurori na Microme daga takamaiman nau'in ko kyallen takarda don biyan bukatun bukatun abokin ciniki na musamman.

Shekarunku shekaru na kwarewar R & D,IphayanYa ƙaddamar da babban - ƙare reagents a fadin filaye da yawa. Waɗannan samfuran suna zama muhimman kayan aikin da wuri - Ci gaban Magunguna, Haɓaka sabbin kayan, hanyoyin, da dabaru don bincika ilimin rayuwar rayuwa. Suna kuma ba da mafita mafi dacewa don karatun ƙwayar cuta na kwayoyi a abinci, magunguna, da sunadarai.

Muna fatan tallafawa masu bincike tare da kayan aikinmu da ingantattun abubuwan da muke ciki!



Latsa maɓallin dama don tuntuɓar mu!