Shigowa da
Kwayoyin t T ne mahimmancin kayan jiki na rigakafi, yana wasa mai mahimmanci a cikin ganowa da kuma magance cututtukan cuta. Tsarin aikin t T ne mai rikitarwa, da yawa - Mataki na sama wanda ya shafi ma'amala da salula da kuma sigina na biochemical. Fahimtar wannan tsari yana da mahimmanci don ci gaba da rigakafi da haɓaka ingantattun jiyya don cututtukan kamar cutar kansa da rikice-rikice. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu bincika matakai daban-daban na kunnen T, daga gabatarwar clonal da tsari, yayin da kuma nuna abubuwan ci gaba a cikikit ɗin kundins.
Gabatarwa da fitarwa
● Matsar da Antigen - Kwayoyin da ke ba da labari (apcs)
Antigen - Kwayoyin da aka gabatar (APCs) yana da mahimmanci a qaddamarwa na kunnawa TAYUWAR. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta na musamman, wanda ya hada da sel na Denditic, Macrophages, da B sel sel, kama antigens daga pathogens kuma gabatar da su a kan sel. Wannan gabatarwar tana faruwa ta hanyar hadaddun tarihin tarihin (MHC), waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don sanin antigens da tel sels.
Ment Mind Harshen CIGABA (MHC) ma'amala ta MHC)
Hulɗa tsakanin membobin MHC akan APCS da TVECORS masu karɓa (TCRS) akan sel na t sel shine tushe na kunnawa. MHC Nakan kware halittun engogenish zuwa CD8 + Cytotoxic T sel Moleges na yanzu antigens antigens a kan sel cd4 + mataimaki. Wannan takamaiman hulɗa ta tabbatar da cewa sel sel na iya gano daidai da amsa da kewayon da yawa na cututtukan.
Tasirin sel (TCR)
● Tsarin da aikin TCR
Tashin slet recepor (TCR) wani tsari ne na furotin furotin da yake a farfajiya na sel. Ya ƙunshi Alfa da beta chilin, da sarƙoƙin TCR sun gane da kuma ɗaukakawa ga takamaiman Antigens da MHC kwayoyin suka gabatar. Muhimawa a cikin tsarin TCR yana ba da damar sanin nau'ikan nau'ikan antigens, yin sel ne sel abubuwa sosai.
● Musamman ingancin Antigen
Halittar tcrs an ƙaddara ta na musamman tsarin amino acid a cikin yankuna masu canji na Alpha da sarƙoƙi. Wannan takamaiman bayani yana da mahimmanci don ingancin amsawar rigakafi, saboda yana tabbatar da cewa sel ɗin za su iya bambance-bambance tsakanin kai da kuma - antigens kai tsaye. High - An tsara Kits na Keɓaɓɓen Taya don kula da wannan takamaiman bayani yayin gwaji, samar da sakamako amintaccen sakamako.
CO - Alamar Kuzari
● Muhimmancin siginar sakandare
Kunnen Kwayar sel ba kawai ya dogara da karfin Antigen bane; Hakanan yana buƙatar sakandare, CO - siginar ta motsa jiki don ci gaba. Wadannan alamu wajibi ne don cikakken fasahar cikakkiyar jihohi da hana jihohi (marasa aiki). Rashin alamun CO - sigina na zamani na iya haifar da haƙuri na rigakafi, wanda yake da mahimmanci don hana cututtukan autoimmune.
● Key kwayoyin halittar da suka shafi
CO - Kwatanin motsa jiki kamar CD28 a kan sel da B7 a kan APCs suna taka rawa wajen samar da siginar sakandare na sakandare. Hulɗa tsakanin CD28 da B7 haɓaka t yaduwar sel, rayuwa, da samar da Cytokine. Sauran kwayoyin kwayoyin motsa jiki, gami da iCOs da ox40, ƙara yin amfani da kunnawa da bambanci na sel. Tsarin sel ya kerawa da manyan masu ba da izinin masu samar da waɗannan kwayoyin suna da ƙarfi don sauƙaƙe kunnawa cikin saitin ɗakin bincike.
Hanyoyin aika sakonni
Takaddar INGANCIN MUTANE
Da zarar TCR da CO - Kwatanin kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta sun haɗu da Ligands na Ligands, an fara wani abu na alamun alamun abubuwan da ke faruwa. Waɗannan hanyoyin sa hannu sun haɗa da jerin abubuwan Phosphoryly da kuma kunnawa KINESESS, kamar lck da zap 70. Wadannan Kinases Phosphorylate sunadarai sunadarai, suna kaiwa ga kunna hanyoyin hanyoyin saƙo da yawa, gami da map, NF - κb, da hanyoyin Nfb, da hanyoyin Nfb, da hanyoyin Nfb, da hanyoyin NfB
Mabuar sunadarai da enzymes da suka shafi
Sunadarai kamar Lat (Lincher don kunna slls) da SLP - Domain ɗin lekucyte na 76 (S2) A matsayin scaffolds, shirya da haɓaka siginar da ake buƙata don kunnawa. Enzymes kamar phospholipase c - γ (Plc - γ) Yi wasa da rawar da ke samarwa na biyu da manzon nan wanda ya kara yada siginar kunna. High - Kayayyakin Taskar Tsarin Tara suna amfani da waɗannan mahimman sunadarai da enzymes don tabbatar da watsa siginar siginar a cikin saitunan gwaji.
Cytokine samarwa da amsa
● Yawancin Cytunsin da aka samar
Kwayoyin da aka kunna suna samar da cytunsines daban-daban wadanda suke amfani da martanin rigakafi. Wadannan cyttoinins sun hada da interleuurins (Il - 2, il -, internons masu kayatarwa (IFN - γ). Kowane Cytokine yana da takamaiman ayyuka, kamar inganta tarin sel, inganta ayyukan Cytotoxic, da kuma daidaita kumburi.
● Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Talata da yaduwar
Cytiyina suna taka rawa wajen tantance makomar sel. Misali, Il - 2 yana da matukar muhimmanci ga fadada Clonal Tells, yayin da Il - 12 ya inganta bambancin sel a cikin sel Th1. Kasancewar takamaiman tsarin cytiyanines ya bayyana ko sel ne za ta zama babban sel tlet, wani sel na cytotoxic, ko tantanin talla. Tafet na kunnawa da aka tsara daga masana'antun masu ƙima an tsara su ne gwargwado a kan samar da Cytokine, yana sauƙaƙe bayanan karatun Cytokine, suna sauƙaƙe bayanan karatun Cytokine a cikin sel aiki da bambanci.
Bambancin sel
● samuwar nau'ikan sel daban-daban
Bayan kunnawa, tantuna daban daban-daban, kowannensu da daban-daban ayyuka. CD4 + M Taimako Tellal na iya ƙara bambance cikin Th1, Th2, da T17, da kuma multes tls (m treggs), kowane yanki na wasa na musamman a cikin rigakafi. TH1 Sells suna da hannu a cikin tantanin halitta - Shirye rigakafi na rigakafi, sel mai wuuya, sel a cikin haƙuri haƙuri, da kuma tregs a cikin haƙuri haƙuri.
● Ayyukan aikin kowane yanki
Maganin aikin na aiki na sel sel ya tabbatar da amsar rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban. Th1 sel suna samar da IFN - γ kuma suna da mahimmanci don haɗuwar cututtukan ciki kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta. Th2 Sells Sells Samo IL - 4, IL - 5, da IL - 13, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don yaki da cututtukan kwari. TH17 Sells Assel Il - 17 kuma suna da hannu a cikin kumburi na kullum da cututtukan autoimmMu. Kayayyakin Talan Tal ya fito da sel - 10 da tgf - β, kiyaye gidan jiki na rigakafi da hana tsarin kai tsaye. Kayayyakin kunnawa Titleting yana sauƙaƙe a cikin bambancin vitro da kuma nazarin aikin waɗannan abubuwan, bincike a cikin ilimin rigakafi da ci gaban warkarwa.
Faɗin Clonal da Tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
Yawan yaduwa na sel
Bayan karbar sigina da motsawar Cytokine, sel sel a cikin yaduwar yaduwar. Wannan tsari, wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin fadada Clonal, yana haifar da yawan yawan kwayoyin tikiti waɗanda zasu iya amsa da kyau ga antigen. Ana fitar da yaduwar ta hanyar cytunines kamar Il - 2, wanda ke nuna alama ta hanyar Il - 2 mai karɓa don inganta cigaban salula da rayuwa.
● A ci gaba da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa
A hallmark na tsarin rigakafi tsarin shine samuwar sel kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ke ba da dogon izini na rigakafi. Bayan sharewar pathogen, wasu sel aka bambanta da sel na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Wadannan sel sun nace a cikin jiki kuma suna iya hawa martani mai sauri da mai ƙarfi a kan Re - Fitar da Irigen iri ɗaya. High - Kayayyakin sadarwar tarin kayan aiki suna da mahimmanci a wajen yin nazarin ƙimar da ke haifar da tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da kiyayewa.
Tsari na kunnawa
● Ka'idodin tsarin binciken rigakafi
Taron tantancen sel ya tsara ta hanyar bincike na rigakafi don hana martani mai wuce gona da iri da damuwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin rigakafi sune hanyoyin hana nuna rashin kulawa da birkaye a kan tsarin rigakafi. Hanyoyin bincike na rigakafi sun hada da CTla - 4 (cytotoxict t - cytmhocyte - pd furotin 1) da Pd - 1), wanda Pd ya gina furotin tara da aiki.
● Matsar da siginar inhibitory (CTLA - 4, PD - 1, da sauransu)
CTla - 4 Gaggawa tare da CD28 don yaba wa kwayoyin B7 a Apcs, suna isar da siginar masu nuna kyamarar matattarar TAFIYA. PD - 1, a kan ɗaure shi ga Ligands PD - L1 da Pd - l2, yana hana sel nazarin tayar da sel mai karɓar da rage haɓakar Cytokine. Wadannan sigina na nuna alama suna da mahimmanci don riƙe haƙuri da rigakafi da hana tsarin kai tsaye. TAYUWAR CIKIN CIKIN SAUKIIphayanBiosctions hade da kayan haɗin don yin nazarin waɗannan hanyoyin tsara, yana ba da fahimta cikin yanayin rigakafi da kuma yiwuwar maƙasudi na warkewa.
Clinical impication da aikace-aikace na warkewa
Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin kansa da cutar kansa
Rashin damuwa a cikin kunnen sel na iya haifar da cututtukan autoimmune, inda kai tsaye - sel sel sel suna kai hari kyallen takarda. Tattaunawa, shigar da kunnen lissafi na iya haifar da rigakafi na al'ada, kyale cututtuka da cutar sankarau da yuwama. Fahimtar abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwan da ke tattare da aikin tantancen T suna da babban mahimman abubuwan asibiti, suna ba da harabar tasirin da ke haɓaka amsoshin rigakafi.
Hukumar warkewa da ke kan hanyar tattarawa
Tsarin warkewa da ke niyya da sel na rigakafi sun haɗa da masu nuna alamun rigakafi, wanda ke toshe sibidicory da haɓaka martani na tuki. Mota - Tal Sel Peal ya ƙunshi sel Intejiniya T don bayyana ƙwararrun kitse na Chimeric wanda ke nufin sel na cutar kansa. Wadannan kwayoyin halittar sun nuna matukar muhimmanci wajen magance wasu cututtukan daji. Bugu da ƙari, dabarun don haifar da haƙuri na rigakafi ana bincika su don cututtukan autoimmune. High - Kayayyakin Taske na Kayayyaki Daga manyan masana'antun suna da mahimmanci kayan aikin da kuma gwada waɗannan magungunan da aka rubuta.
Game da ilimin IPhase Biosciss
Headquartered in North Wales, Pennsylvania, IPHASE Biosciences is a specialized, novel, and innovative high-tech enterprise integrating research, development, production, sales, and technical services of innovative biological reagents. Levorging mai mahimmanci da so don binciken kimiyya, ƙungiyar kimiyya ta ƙwararrun masana ta ninka ta 50 da ke gaba da masu bincike don cimma burin su na kimiyya. Bin na R & D kyakkyawan na "regents reagents, Iphayan sun kafa wurare da yawa na Amurka, Turai, da kuma kasashen gargajiya a cikin murabba'in Asiya, suna rufe murabba'un Asiya 12,000.
Lokaci: 2024 - 09 - 25:40:30