Microsomes a cikin kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa: Matsayi a cikin lokaci na na metabolism da lokaci na II metabolism

Kayayyakin ilimin lissafi

Microsoomes vesicles na samar da su daga entoplasmic na kwastomomi na rushe sel, da farko hepatocytese (sel na hanta). Suna da arziki a cikin magani - Sami enzymes, ma'ana cytochrrome p450 (cyp) iyali mai mahimmanci, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cututtukan oxdative na mahimman mahadi. Abubuwan kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa suna amfani da Microsoomes na haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka magunguna na farkon saboda suna taimakawa wajen hango kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Vivo Pharmacakokinetsics. Ta hanyar auna yawan metabolism a cikin vitro, masu bincike zasu iya kimanta tsarin fahimta da kuma kawar da wadannan abubuwan binciken don tsammanin yadda miyagun ƙwayoyi zasu iya hali a cikin mutane. Irin waɗannan amintattun ba kawai sauƙaƙa nuna mahimman mahadi da yawa ba a cikin babban - hanya ta hanyar da za a iya amfani da hanyoyin da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Haɗin microsomes daga kyallen takarda daban-daban yana ba da cikakkiyar fahimtar juna da kuma rashin amfani da metabolism da tabbatar da aminci kafin gwaji na asibiti. Abubuwan da aka saba dasu a cikikwanciyar hankali na metabolisAssday ya hada da:Haɓaka microBOE, INCESININSCHINSS, HUNGISE BRISE, koda Microme.

Hanta micosomes

Hanta micosomessuna da wadataccen arziki a cikin cytochrromes p450 enzymes da kuma shafi oxidoreadeses. Babban abubuwan da suka dace da abubuwan da suke ciki suna sanya hanta Microomon da aka fi so don kimanta kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa. A lokacin assay, dan takarar mawagafi ya zuga tare da Micromens na hanta a gaban garin babban cajin da na Nadph, da kuma ragin wanda aka sanya sararin samaniya a kan lokaci. Bayanin da aka yi amfani da shi daga cikin wadannan gwaje-gwajen ana amfani da su don yin lissafin bayanan sirri, muhimmin sigogi wanda ke taimakawa hango ƙwayoyi da sauri za a iya kawar da magani a Vivo. Saboda ana iya yin amfani da Microsomes na hanji daga masu ba da gudummawa, sun ba da tsarin dogara da tsarin haifuwa mai ma'ana wanda ya rage yawan bambancin tsarin.

Najisals Microsteres / hanji

Murmushi na hanji, wani lokacin da aka sani dahanji Microme, kodayake ƙasa da yawan enzymes idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na hefatic, suna da mahimmanci a cikin mahallin farko - sama metabolism. Bayan baka, magani dole ne ya wuce bangon hanji inda zai iya haifar da mahimman canji na enzymatul. Aikin metabolic a cikin hanjin hanji na iya tasiri sosai game da cigaban miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kuma wanda aka samo daga waɗannan tabbacin suna da mahimmanci a cikin dabarun cigaban pre - metabolism na ci gaba.

Fata na fata

Fata microsomesAn shirya su daga ƙwayar fata da ƙwayoyi na fata - Ayyukan Metabzawa, gami da waɗancan daga enzymes na cyp. Yayinda takamaiman ayyukan enzymatic a fata yawanci ne fiye da 10% na wannan da aka samo a cikin hanta, fata tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin biotrantilation na Transdermalmal Xenobotlics. Amfani da Microsomes Chrissuomes a cikin amsawar na iya samar da fahimta cikin metabolism na mahadi da aka dace da shi ko kuma ya sha cikin fata.

HuhuMicrosomes

Unung microomesAn shirya su daga nama na okmonary kuma ana amfani dasu don bincika metabolism na mahadi da ake gudanar da su ta hanyar inhalation ko wannan yana magance tasirinsu a cikin tsarin numfashi. Yayin da maida hankali ne na cytolomes p450 enzymes a cikin huhu yana ƙasa da hanta, huhu ya kasance mahimman shafin yanar gizo na metabolism na mahalli na muhalli da shayuka. Wannan ƙirar tana da mahimmanci musamman a kimantawa nama - takamaiman canji na rayuwa da kuma yiwuwar zuwa gajiyar gida.

Koda Microomes

Koda Microomesan ware daga kyallen gargajiya da kuma samar da fahimta zuwa matakai na rayuwa wanda ya faru a cikin koda. Tunda koda ba wai kawai sashin jikin ba ne amma kuma wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tabbacin wasu magunguna, amfani da Childy Edays din zai ba da alaƙa da masu binciken metabolites wanda zai iya haɗa shi zuwa nephrotoxicity. Ta wannan hanyar, bayanan dacewar koda daga hanta daga hanta da na ciki na hanzari, suna ba da ra'ayi mai zaman gaba akan bayanin martaba na fili.

Gwaje-gwajen kwamfuta

Gwadawa microsomesAn samo shi ne daga nama mai ban mamaki kuma suna da enzymes da ke da alhakin metaboliwed engenozing da wucin gadi mahadi. Yayin da yake amfani da shi fiye da Microsomes na hanta, zasu iya zama dacewa wajen yin karatun metabolism na abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar ta haihuwa. Musamman bayanai kan amfaninsu a cikin kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa suna da iyaka kuma na iya bambanta dangane da mayar da hankali.

Iddidmis microomes

Azum microsomesAna samun su daga ƙwayar cuta mara nauyi kuma, kamar maganganun gwaje-gwajen, suna da hannu a cikin metabolism na wasu mahadi. Aikacewar su a cikin kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa ba shi da iyaka, amma ana iya amfani dashi a cikin binciken da ke bincika metabolism na abubuwa masu tasowa. Cikakken ladabi da amfani zai dogara da takamaiman manufofin binciken.

Lokaci na ITHETIC & Nadph Regeneration

Lokaci na kwantar da hankaliShin da farko sun kore ta ta hanyar enzymes ta Cyp, kuma waɗannan halayen suna buƙatar rage haɓaka daidaitawa a cikin nau'i na Nadaph. Don tabbatar da cewa Nadph yana samuwa a cikin lokacin shiryawa, aNadph regenerationan ƙara zuwa assay. DaNadph regenerationYawancin lokaci ya haɗa da Nadp⁺, glucose - 6 - Phosphate, da kuma glanchate, da kuma enzephate, da kuma enzephate dhydogenase, wanda tare ya ci gaba da sauya Nadp baya ga Nadp. Wannan sake farfadowa yana da mahimmanci saboda yana ci gaba da halayen Redox Catalyzed da Cyp enzymes na Cyp, yana ba da damar Microsomes don kula da ayyukanta na rayuwa.

Fig na 1
Lokaci IIM Metabolism & Ugt shiryawa tsarin

Yayin da ake amfani da Microsomes Microsally sun saba daLokaci na ITHANM, Hakanan ana iya daidaita su don yin karatuLokaci II Swararrukamar glucuronIDation. GlucuronIDation tsari ne na al'ada wanda aka zana shi da URIDine - Glucuronospho - glucuronossltrasansfransfornespantes zuwa magunguna ko kuma lokacinsu na metabolites. Don sauƙaƙe glucuronIDation a cikin mossomal assay, anTsarin tsari na UGTTare da saukar da Cofactor UDP - glucuronic acid (UDPGA) An ƙara. Tsarin tsari na UGT yawanci ya ƙunshi UDPGA, furotin na procymdin da d - glucuronosyl - 1.4 - lacton. Tun lokacin da enzymes na Ugt sune membrane membrane - daure kuma na iya zama ba shi da sauki a cikin income Microsome, a wasu lokuta - wakili na kafa kamar Alamethicin wani lokaci ya hada. Alamethichin yana ƙara yawan ƙwayar cuta na Mur -eromal, ta hanyar haɓaka damar UDPGA zuwa ga enzymes na Ugucuronation dauki.

Fig.

Tsarin buffer

A dukkanin ayyukan, da0.1M PBSBuffer yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye kwanciyar hankali da ayyukan enzymes. Wannan tsarin buffer yana samar da ingantacciyar muhalli, wanda yake da mahimmanci don kiyaye tsarin tsarin hulɗar duka biyu da enzymes. Matsakaicin halaye waɗanda aka bayar da 0.1m PBS suka tabbatar cewa halayen sun faru ne a cikin yanayin sarrafawa, yana sauƙaƙe ingantacciyar ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali da kariya.

Daban-daban na microsomes

Na microsome

Mossion na ɗan adamShin mafi dacewa suna da dacewa a cikin kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa har zuwa ci gaban magunguna, yayin da suke atomatik yanayin yanayin ɗan adam. Dandan lafiyar dan adam Microsomes dauke da babban taro na cytuchrome P450 enzymes, wanda ke da alhakin lokaci na na metabolism na kwayoyi da yawa. Waɗannan microsomes ana amfani da su sosai don tantance miyagun ƙwayoyi na ɗan adam, ciki har da Enzyme miyagun ƙwayoyi, kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa, da kuma gano yiwuwar metabolites masu guba. Amfani da su yana da mahimmanci a farkon - Haɓaka magani magani don tabbatar da cewa wani fili zai sami magunguna masu magani a cikin mutane, tare da ido don guje wa masu maye ko kuma wasu illa.

Non - microusoms na micrusomes na ɗan adam

A'a - na ɗan adam hanta microsomes, yawanciResus Monkee hanta Microsomes Microsoomes, Marmosets Monkey na Monkey, ko Cynomolus BiraiAn yi amfani da Microsossion Microsboles, ana amfani dasu a cikin kwanciyar hankali na metabolis don tantance yadda mahadi ke cikin hanta. Waɗannan microsomes suna ɗauke da enzymes P450 da sauran sunadarai na rayuwa-ciki waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe lokaci na na metabolism magani. Ban tsira ba ne mai mahimmanci a cikin karatun na pcccclinical saboda bayanan enzyme bayanan Pharmactis, da kuma yiwuwar sabon 'yan takarar kwayoyi kafin mutane. Suna ba da ƙarin bayanai da suka dace akan mutum - Kamar metabolism idan aka kwatanta da rodents, haɓaka daidaito na tsinkayen ci gaban magunguna

Karen hanta microome

Karnuka, musamman ga karnuka na wexicak, ana amfani dasu a cikin guba da bincike na magunguna.Kare hanta micosomes, musamman ma waɗanda aka samo daga hanta, kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci don fahimtar yadda magani zai iya motsa shi a cikin wata - ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa.M iya hanta hanta microomesYawancin lokaci suna aiki a cikin gwajin aminci mai kyau don kimanta kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa da kuma yiwuwar magunguna - cu'in miyagun ƙwayoyi. Waɗannan microsomes zasu iya taimakawa wajen hango yadda magunguna za su sha da sarrafa su cikin bambance-bambance tsakanin mutane da karnuka dangane da metitsism miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Ber hanta microome

Beraye sune ɗayan dabbobin da aka fi amfani da su na dabbobi da magunguna na magunguna, da kuma Microosomes suna da mahimmanci a cikin kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa.Ber hanta microomesAna amfani da su a farkon - Ci gaban Magunguna don kimanta metabolism na mahadi na gwaji, kamar yadda tafiyarsu ta yau da kullun suna da kyau - An fahimci su. Duk da cewa berayen suna raba hanyoyi da yawa na rayuwa tare da mutane, akwai bambance-bambancen sanannu a cikin aikin enzyme, musamman dangane da wasu enzymes na Cynitchrome. Ana amfani da Microsomes akai-akai don gwada ingantacciyar kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa da kuma tantance mahimmancin magunguna na kantin magani, kamar ƙimar kai da rashin daidaituwa.

Mouse Saurin Microme

Kamar berayen, mice ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin binciken halitta na biomaniyya, da kuma motsa jiki na microsomes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa. Mice suna da mahimmanci musamman don yin nazarin bambancin ƙwayar cuta a cikin metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi saboda rijiyar su - halin da aka samu.Linzarshi hanta micosomesKa sa kewayon enzymes P450, wanda ya sa su yi amfani don kimanta yadda magunguna za a iya metaborized a fadin asalin asalin asalin. Wani yanayi na mice, Balb / C Nude, ana san shi da iri wanda ke lalata thymus, yana sanya su rigakafi. Ta amfaniBalb / c nude hanta micromes, Masu bincike na iya tantance yadda magunguna ko fili ke motsa su, da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma yiwuwar kwanciyar hankali a hanta, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga tsinkayen magunguna a cikin mutane. Duk da haka, mice suna da wasu rigakafin hanyoyin rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da mutane, ma'ana cewa bayanai daga linzamin kwamfuta ya kamata a fassara shi da taka tsantsan yayin yin hasashen metabolism na ɗan adam. Ana amfani da linzamin kwamfuta Microsomes sau da yawa a cikin manyan - Prepwing nace don kimanta babban adadin mahadi da sauri.

Hamster hanta Microsome

Hamsters, musamman na zinari na Siriya na Siriya, galibi ana amfani dasu a cikin binciken rayuwa saboda na musamman halaye halaye na tunaninsu.Da chorster hanta microsomesSuna da taimako a kimanta metabolism miyagun ƙwayoyi da guba, musamman ga mahadi waɗanda zasu iya nuna jinsuna da ke iya nuna jinsuna - takamaiman bayanan martaba na metabolic. Ana amfani da Hamster Micruset don yin nazarin yadda kwayoyi ke motsa su a cikin ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda bazai iya fahimtar su da cikakken fahimta ba a wasu samfuran rodent.

Gerbillinae hanta Microsomes

Gerbillinae hanta MicrosomesAn samo su ne daga Gerbils, karamin nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa sun saba amfani dasu ne a cikin guba da kuma karatun magunguna. A cikin kwanciyar hankali na metabolis, Gerbillinae chistomes suna aiki don kimanta yadda gidan hanta yake motsa shi a cikin cractionsasali na hanta, musamman enzymes. Wadannan matsalolin suna taimakawa wajen tantance kwayoyin halitta ko sunadarai, suna tantance yiwuwar masu biotrantptions da kuma kawar da su. Wani lokaci ana amfani da gerbils ga waɗannan karatun saboda takamaiman bayanan marice, wanda zai iya ba da fahimta cikin jinsin - takamaiman bambance-bambance a cikin metabolism magunguna.

Minibiig hanjin Microsome

Ainipigs suna samun ƙara yawan ƙara shahara a cikin magunguna da kuma nazarin ƙaranci saboda halayensu na yau da kullun ga mutane, musamman dangane da metabolism na hanta.Minipig hanta microsomesAna amfani da sau da yawa a cikin kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa don samar da bayanai waɗanda ke da alaƙa da miyagun ƙwayoyi masu cutar da mutane idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar ƙwayar cuta. Waɗannan microsomes suna da amfani musamman don yin nazarin sha da magani, rarraba, metabolism, da excremation (adme) a cikin tsarin ƙirar - kamar bayanin martaba na rayuwa. Ainihigs suna da mahimmanci a kimantawa mahimman mahimmin mahimman mahimman mahimman mahimman mahadi waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin ingantaccen tsinkaye game da amsar da ɗan adam.

Guniea alade na hanta microsomes

Ba kamar sauran rodents ba, aladu na Guinea rasa wasu ƙwayoyi - enzymes enzymes, kamar cynithrome P450 2D, wanda zai iya shafar hanyar da suke aiwatar da takamaiman mahadi. Wannan yana saGuinea Pig Hanch CompomesMusamman da amfani ga nazarin nau'in] takamaiman bambance-bambance a cikin metabolism magani. Profileungiyoyinsu na musamman na musamman na iya bayar da fahimta cikin yadda fili zata nuna haɗari ko iyakancewar metabolism wanda za'a iya lura da shi a wasu samfuran. Wannan ya sa aladu na Guinea mai mahimmanci don ƙarin maganin maye gurbin da magunguna na turanci.

Felin hanta Micserome

Da hanta hanta microsomesana amfani dasu a cikin binciken rayuwa don tantance yadda ake sarrafa kwayoyi a cikin kuliyoyi. Cats suna da halaye na rayuwa, gami da iyakance ayyukan glucuronIDation, wanda zai iya shafar metabolism na wasu kwayoyi. Saboda wannan,cat hanta microsomessuna da mahimmanci don nazarin yadda takamaiman mahadi suke nuna cikin kuliyoyi, musamman ma ga magungunan dabbobi. Ana amfani da su don yin gwaje-gwaje masu guba ko abubuwan da ake niyya don amfanin da aka yi kuma zasu iya taimakawa wajen tantance bambance-bambancen da ake amfani da su a cikin karatun dabbobi.

Bovine hanta hanta Microme

Bovine hanta microomes, sun samo asali ne daga shanu, suna da amfani musamman wajen yin karatun metabolism na mahadi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin dabbobi. Dabbobi suna da hanyoyin hawa daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da mutane, musamman a cikin ayyukan wasu enzymes da hannu a cikin lokaci na metabolism. Ana amfani da Bovine hanta Microomes don hango hasashe kwayoyi na dabbobi ko magunguna na gona ko sinadarai na gona za a kwashe a cikin shanu. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da waɗannan Micrones don bincika yiwuwar saura a cikin nama da madara, taimaka don tabbatar da amincin abinci ga amfanin ɗan adam. Duk da yake bovine microsomes samar da bayanai masu mahimmanci a kan metabolism na cigaban metabolock, masu yiwuwa ba koyaushe suke zartar da ci gaban ɗan adam ba saboda mahimman bambance-bambance na rayuwa. Baya ga Bovine,hanjin hanji Microsome,tumaki chosomesdaGoat hanta microomesana amfani da su baki.

Kauri kaurin microMe

Kaji micrastes, yayin da yake da yawa fiye da waɗanda daga dabbobi masu shayarwa, na iya zama da amfani a cikin karatun na metabolism magani. Kayan kaji na yau da kullun Microses sun hada daduck hecker,Chicken hanta micosomes,turkey hanta microsomesdaquail hanta micosomes. ana aiki da su don tantance yadda magunguna za a iya sarrafa su a cikin jinsin Avan. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin cigaban dabbobi don kiwon dabbobi, da kuma a cikin karatun muhalli da za su fahimci metabolism na magunguna waɗanda ke iya shiga cikin sarkar abinci ta tsuntsaye.

Kifin Kish Microsome

Kifin hanta microomes, musamman bakan gizoKifin hanta microsomes, ana aiki dashi a cikin binciken muhalli da rashin daidaituwa. Kifi suna da matukar kula da gurbata muhalli, da kuma Micrososomes ɗin hanta sune kayan aikin da ke da mahimmanci a cikin karatun hanyoyin rayuwa da ke da hannu cikin detovification na gurbatawar ruwa. Hakanan ana amfani da 'ya'yan kiuresan kifi don yin nazarin tasirin muhalli da sunadarai na masana'antu, suna taimakawa wajen tantance damar yin amfani da su da kuma shafi rayuwar ruwa. 

Ƙarshe

Microsomes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon matakan ci gaban kwayoyi ta hanyar samar da kyakkyawar fahimta cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin kwanciyar hankali na metabolic da magunguna na 'yan takarar magunguna. Ta hanyar yin amfani da assays na microsomal, masu bincike na iya tantance lokaci na na-lokaci, gano yiwuwar miyagun ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma kimanta nama - takamaiman metabolism. Kasancewar microsomes daga wani nau'in nau'in halitta, gami da mutane da dabbobi, suna tabbatar da hasashen halittar miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin mutane da tabbatar da aminci da ƙarfin sabbin abubuwa. A matsayina na ci gaban cigaban miyagun ƙwayoyi tsari na ci gaba da juyin juya halin, modelomal model zai kasance mai mahimmanci kayan aiki a cikin neman magunguna mafi karfi.

Keywords: Yarda da Metabolis, Lokaci Na Metabolism, Lokaci Na Commanes, Tsarin Micrtals, UDLESTIST tsarin, UDPGA, 0.1m PBS, Tris - HCL, Cynomakus Monkees, Cynomakus Monkey na hanta, hanta hanta microomes, day hanta hanta micosomes, Gerbillinae Herbillinae Microsomes, Balb / C Microsomes Microsomes, Duck Kwarta Microsomes, dunkse hanta Microomes, Duck Cheates Microsomes, Doke hanta Microomes, Goat hanta Microsomes, Quail hanta micosomes
Takardar shaida
O 2 mai ɗaukar fansa ya samar da jigilar kaya 2 a cikin wani tsarin sinadarin sinadarin sinadari Adadi na kimiyya akan bincike. Akwai shi daga:HTTPS://www
Wuraka dauki na lokaci na ii metaboles na IBuprofen da sauran NSAIDs tare da furotin ɗan adam - Adadi na kimiyya akan bincike. Akwai daga: https://www