Iphase Biosciences Khoom
Cov microsomes yog subcellular veslots tau los ntawm endoplasmic reticulum ntawm kev cuam tshuam cells, feem ntau hepatocytes (thaj chaw hepatocytes (nplooj siab hlwb). Lawv nplua nuj nyob hauv tshuaj - metabolizing enzymes, tsuas yog Cytochrome P450 (CYP) tsev neeg, uas ua si ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib xyaw. Me metabolic stability siv tau microsomes yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho tshuaj kom ntxov. Los ntsuas tus nqi ntawm cov metabolism hauv vitro, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tuaj yeem kwv yees cov kev tshawb pom no tau xav tias yuav ua li cas cov yeeb tshuaj yuav coj li cas hauv tib neeg. Xws li tam sim no tsis tsuas yog pab txhawb kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ntau qhov sib txuas lus hauv kev tshaj lij ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov pathwactions thiab kev sib txuam yeeb tshuaj. Kev sib xyaw ntawm micreemomes los ntawm ntau cov ntaub so ntswg tso cai rau cov kev nkag siab zoo ntawm ob qho tib si kev tsim qauv tshuaj thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua ntej kev sim tshuaj. Cov microsomes uas nquag muaj nyob rau hauvmetabolism ruaj khovassay suav nrog:Mob siab microsural, intresine microsome / plab hnyuv microsum, ntsws microsome, raum micrey.
Lier microsomes
Lier microsomesMuaj tshwj xeeb yog nplua nuj nyob hauv cytochrome p450 enzymes thiab muaj cov oxidoreditsases. Lawv cov ntsiab lus siab enzymatic ua rau lub siab xav tias cov qauv uas nyiam tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuas kev ruaj khov. Thaum lub sij hawm zoo, cov neeg sib tw yog muab tso rau daim tawv ntoo microsome xws li Nadph, thiab tus niam txiv sib txuas yog cov metabolized yog saib xyuas lub sijhawm. Cov ntaub ntawv geaned los ntawm cov kev sim no yog siv los xam cov intrinsic, ib tus neeg tseem ceeb uas yuav pab tshem tawm cov tshuaj sai npaum li cas tuaj yeem tshem tawm hauv Vivo. Vim tias daim tawv ntoo microsomes tuaj yeem muab los ntawm ntau tus neeg pub nyiaj, lawv muab kev ntseeg siab txhim khu kev qha thiab rov ua dua tshiab uas txo cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov roj ntsha.
Cov micrestinal microntonomes
Plab hnyuv, qee zaum tseem hu uaKev siv plab hnyuv Micestine, Txawm hais tias tsawg dua muaj ntau ntau nyob rau hauv metabolic enzymes piv rau lawv cov hepatic counterparts, yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm thawj - hla metabolism hla. Tom qab cov tswj hwm tom qab, cov tshuaj yuav tsum dhau los ntawm phab ntsa plab hnyuv uas nws tuaj yeem yauv mus kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ua ntej mus cuag kev ncig. Cov kev ua yeeb yam metabolic hauv cov microsces plab hnyuv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj bioavailables tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov kev tam sim no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tswv yim kom kov yeej ua ntej ua ntej ua ntej.
Daim tawv taub hau microsomes
Daim tawv microsomestau npaj los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tso tshuaj los ntawm cov tshuaj - metabolizing ua si, suav nrog cov ntawm CYP enzymes. Thaum cov kev ua si sib luag hauv daim tawv nqaij yog feem ntau tsawg dua li 10% ntawm cov tawv nqaij muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv Xenobals. Siv cov tawv nqaij microsomes tuaj yeem muab cov kev pom rau hauv cov metabolism hauv cov duab sib xyaw uas tau siv los ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Lub ntswsMicrosomes
Ntsws microsomestau npaj los ntawm cov nqaij mos thiab tau siv los tshawb xyuas cov metabolism ntawm cov duab sib xyaw uas tau muab los ntawm kev nqus tau lossis siv hluav taws xob rau hauv cov pa ua pa. Thaum lub concentration ntawm cytochrome p450 enzymes hauv lub ntsws qis dua hauv daim siab, lub qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau ib puag ncig thiab nqus tshuaj. Cov qauv no yog muaj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev ntsuas cov ntaub so ntswg - kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lom zem hauv zos.
Raum microsomes
Raum microsomesyog cais los ntawm cov raum thiab muab cov kev nkag siab rau hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic uas tshwm sim hauv lub raum. Txij li thaum lub raum tsis yog ib qho khoom nruab nrog tab sis kuj yog ib qho uas ua rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov metaboles los ntsuas kev tsim cov metabolites uas tuaj yeem txuas nrog Neprotoxicity. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, raum micrney micraphe medement cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm daim siab thiab cov kev tshawb fawb hauv plab, muab ib qho kev pom dav dav ntawm ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov metabolic.
Seev ntsuas microsomes
Xeem ntawv microsomesyog muab tau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab muaj cov ua kom lub luag haujlwm ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj endabolizing endogenous thiab exogenous tebchaw. Thaum tsis tshua muaj siv ntau dua li lub siab micromes, lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyog hauv kev kawm cov metabolism hauv cov yeeb yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov txiv neej ua me nyuam kev noj qab haus huv. Cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv siv hauv metabolic stability primays yog txwv thiab yuav sib txawv raws li kev tshawb fawb.
Epididymis microsomes
Epididymis microsomesYog tau los ntawm cov ntaub so pob thiab, xws li Testis microsomes, tau koom nrog metabolism ntawm qee qhov sibtaws. Lawv daim ntawv thov hauv metabolic stability pricts tsis tshua muaj zog, tab sis lawv yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cov metabolism kev cuam tshuam txiv neej fertility thiab kev ua me nyuam muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab siv yuav nyob ntawm cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb.
Theem kuv metabolism & nadph txhim kho cev
Theem kuv metabolic cov tshuaj tiv thaivyog feem ntau tsav los ntawm CYP enzymes, thiab cov kev tawm tsam yuav tsum muaj kev txo cov sib npaug nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nadph. Kom ntseeg tau tias nadph muaj nyob thoob plaws lub sijhawm tsim kom loj hlob, aNadph Kev Tswj Kev Ua Haujlwmyog ntxiv rau cov assay. TusNadph Kev Tswj Kev Ua HaujlwmFeem ntau suav nrog nadp⁺, qab zib - 6 - Phosphate, thiab cov enzyme qab zib (uas ua ke hloov tshiab txuas ntxiv Nadp⁺ rov qab mus rau NADPH. Qhov kev tsim tshiab no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias nws txhawb nqa cov redox cov kev hloov pauv catalyzed los ntawm cov micromomes los tswj lawv cov kev ua haujlwm metabolic ncua sijhawm ntev.
Daim duab 1. Theem Kuv Roos Rathway hauv Tshuaj Yeeb Tshuaj
Phase II metabolism & auvt tsim kom loj
Thaum lub ntxa micromes feem ntau cuam tshuam nrogTheem kuv metabolism, lawv kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho mus kawmTheem II metabolism tiv thaivxws li glucuronidation. Glucuronidation yog ib qho txheej txheem sib txuas los ntawm uridine 5 '- diphospho - GlucuronSraserase (uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kua txiv qaub rau cov tshuaj lossis lawv theem kuv metabolites. Txhawm rau pab kom yooj yim cog lus ua rau micrucomal assay, ibUmmt Tsim Kom Tsim Txheej TxheemNrog cov cfaction cofactor UDP - Fluid acid (UDPGA) yog ntxiv. Lub Ummt tsim kom loj hlob feem ntau muaj UDPGA, protein ntawm procidin thiab d - glucuronosyl - 1.4 - Lactone. Txij li thaum ovt enzymes yog membrane - khi thiab yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tsawg dua hauv lub micract nyob rau hauv intact micrameth li alametic tau suav nrog. Alamethicin tau nce lub permeability ntawm microomal membranes, yog li txhim kho kev nkag tau ntawm Udpga rau lub etzymes thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov glucuronidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Daim duab 2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab muab cov khoom tso tawm ntawm theem II tshuaj metabolism.
Buffer System
Thoob plaws tag nrho cov txheej txheem, tus0.1m PBSntas ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov ruaj khov thiab kev ua ntawm cov enzymes. Cov kab ke tsis zoo muab cov qauv ua tau ruaj khov thiab zoo ib yam ionic ib puag ncig, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov cyy can thiab agt enzymes. Cov lus uas zoo ib yam tau los ntawm 0.1m PBS muaj tseeb tias cov kev tawm tsam tshwm sim hauv kev tswj hwm, pab txhawb kev ruaj khov ntawm metabolic ruaj khov thiab tshem tawm.
Ntau hom microsomes
HUHAUL MENU
Tib neeg microsomesyog kev sib cav txog kev tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj, thaum lawv ua kom ze rau tib neeg lub siab ua haujlwm. Tib neeg lub siab microomomes muaj lub siab ntawm Cytochrome P450 enzymes, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau theem kuv metabolism ntawm ntau cov tshuaj. Cov microsomes no tau siv ntau yam los ntsuas cov metabolism hauv tib neeg, suav nrog enzyme - Kev siv yeeb tshuaj, thiab cov cim ntawm peev xwm lom neeg cov metabolites. Lawv kev siv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov - theem kev tsim kev tso quav tshuaj kom ntseeg tau tias ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav muaj kev nyiam ua tshuaj, nrog rau kev zam lub siab mus lossis lwm yam kev tsis zoo.
Tsis yog - tib neeg primates daim ntawv ntsuas microulomes
Tsis yog - tib neeg primage lival microsomes, feem ntauRhesus Monkey Mackomes, Marmosets Monkey Lier microsomes, lossis cynomolgus liabLiver microsomes, tau siv hauv cov metabolism stability xav kom soj ntsuam li cas cov sib txuas ua kom sib txuas los ntawm cov enzymes hauv daim siab. Cov microsomes no muaj Cytochrome P450 enzymes thiab lwm cov khoom lag luam metabolic uas ua kom yooj yim rau ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj metabolism. Tsis yog - tib neeg muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov neeg siv lub siab, ua rau lawv muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab ua ntej tib neeg kev sim ua ntej. Lawv muab cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau ntxiv rau tib neeg - Zoo li metabolism piv rau nas, txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhim kho tshuaj kev ua haujlwm
Dog Mobev Mahaus
Cov dev, tshwj xeeb yog cov dev beagle, yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv toxicology thiab paperacokinetic kev tshawb fawb.Aub Mob Siab Microsome, tshwj xeeb yog cov muab tau los ntawm daim siab, yog cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nkag siab txog kev siv tshuaj yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau cov tsiaj uas tsis yog -Canine liv siab microsomFeem ntau ua haujlwm hauv qhov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm rau kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb los soj ntsuam metabolic ruaj khov thiab lub peev xwm rau cov tshuaj - Cov tshuaj sib cuam tshuam. Cov microsomes no tseem tuaj yeem pab twv twv kom twv li cas cov tshuaj yuav siv tau los ntawm tib neeg, muab cov kev pom tau zoo ntawm tib neeg thiab cov dev ntawm cov tshuaj metabolism hauv tib neeg.
Rawv Liv Maas
Cov nas tsuag yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov tsiaj txhu sim ua rau cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab cov kev tshawb fawb toxicological, thiab lawv lub siab tawv me hauv metabolic stability cia.Nas lub siab microsomesFeem ntau siv hauv thaum ntxov - Kev tsim kev tshuaj tsim kho cov metabolism ntawm kev sim ua ntej, raws li lawv cov txheej txheem metabolic zoo - to taub. Txawm hais tias cov nas tsuag qhia ntau metabolic pathways nrog tib neeg, muaj cov kev ua txawv hauv enzyme kev ua si, tshwj xeeb nrog kev hwm rau qee lub cytochrome p450 enzyymes. Kev ntsuas micbason ntsuas tau nquag nquag siv los sim ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov chaw muag tshuaj me me thiab ntsuas cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm thiab cov kev tshem tawm cov nqi thiab bioavailability.
Nas lub siab micrandome
Zoo ib yam li nas, nas muaj kev tshawb fawb dav nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb biomedical, thiab nas microsomes ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv metabolic stability primays. Cov nas tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev kawm txog kev hloov caj ces hauv cov tshuaj metabolism vim lawv zoo - cov cim genome.Nas twm microardomesMuaj ntau ntawm Cytochrome P450 enzymes, uas ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv tshuaj yuav ua tau metabolized hla cov keeb kwm sib txawv. Ib qho kev lim hiam ib qho, Balb / C kuj liab qab, yog paub ua txoj kev lim uas tsis muaj qhov ua kom zoo nkauj. Los ntawm kev sivBalb / C NEUD LISH MENTROUNDES, Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas yuav ua li cas tshuaj lossis cov compound yog metabolized, tus nqi ntawm nws muaj peev xwm ruaj khov nyob rau hauv daim siab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kwv yees cov tshuaj hauv paus hniav. Txawm li cas los xij, nas muaj qee txoj kev metabolic piv tau piv rau tib neeg, txhais tau tias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nas microsomes yuav tsum tau pom zoo thaum kwv yees tib neeg metabolism. Mouse microsomes feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv high - topution kuaj kom ntsuas seb muaj ntau ntawm cov sib txuas sai.
Hamster Khiv Siab Maas
Hamsters, tshwj xeeb yog Golden Syrian hamsters, feem ntau siv hauv kev tshawb fawb metabolic vim lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev.Hamster Liver MicrosomesMuaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ntsuas tshuaj thiab kev lom zem, tshwj xeeb rau cov tebchaw uas tuaj yeem qhia cov tsiaj - Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb metabolic. Hamster microsomes feem ntau siv los tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj me me, muab cov qauv kev nkag siab rau hauv cov qauv metabolic uas tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab hauv lwm cov qauv sib tw.
Gerbillinae liver microsomes
Gerbillinae liver microsomesCov khoom sib txuam los ntawm gerbils, cov tsiaj tsiaj me me uas siv hauv Toxicology thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb tshuaj. Hauv cov metabolism stability cia, gerbillatic microsome practomes los ntawm daim ntawv qhia kev sib txuas los ntawm daim ntawv qhia txog lub siab, tshwj xeeb yog Cytochrome P450 enzyymes. Cov aspsays no los txiav txim siab qhov metabolic ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj lossis tshuaj lom neeg, ntsuas lawv lub peev xwm rau biotransformation thiab tshem tawm. Gerbils qee zaum siv rau cov kev tshawb fawb no vim lawv cov kev pom me me metabolic, uas tuaj yeem muab cov kev pom hauv hom - Cov metabolism tshwj xeeb.
Minipig Liver Maas
Cov minipigs tau nce ntxiv cov muaj koob muaj npe hauv cov chaw muag tshuaj thiab kev kawm lom neeg vim yog tib neeg lub cev, tshwj xeeb yog cov ntawm daim siab metabolism.Minipig Lier microsomesFeem ntau siv nyob rau hauv metabolic stability tsim los muab cov ntaub ntawv uas zoo dua li tib neeg cov metabolism piv rau cov qauv roj. Cov microsomes no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kawm cov tshuaj nqus, xa, cov metabolism, thiab excepetion (modet) hauv tib neeg - zoo li metabolic profile. Cov minipigs tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ntsuas cov tebchaw uas yuav tsum muaj kev twv ua ntej ntau ntawm tib neeg cov lus teb.
Guniea Pub Lier microsomes
Tsis zoo li lwm tus nas tsuag tsis muaj cov tshuaj sib daj sib deev - metabolizing enzymes, xws li Cytochrome P450 2D, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txoj kev uas lawv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Qhov no ua rauGuinea npua Lier microsomesTshwj xeeb muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev kawm cov tsiaj - Kev sib txawv hauv cov tshuaj metabolism hauv cov tshuaj. Lawv cov enzyme tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muaj kev pom zoo rau hauv ib hom tsiaj uas muaj peev xwm tsawg me me lossis kev hloov hauv cov tshuaj metabolism hauv cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis pom nyob hauv lwm cov qauv. Qhov no ua rau Guinea npua tseem ceeb rau kev sib piv cov toxicology thiab cov chaw muag tshuaj papaclokininate.
Feline Liv Maas
Feline Liver Microsomesyog siv nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv metabolic los ntsuas seb cov tshuaj yuav ua li cas ua tiav. Miv muaj cov yam ntxwv metabolic, suav nrog cov kev ua si gluidation, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov metabolism hauv cov tshuaj. Vim tias qhov no,CAT Lier microsomesyog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kawm paub meej li cas cov lus sib txuas coj nyob hauv miv, tshwj xeeb rau cov kws kho tsiaj. Lawv tau siv los sim txog cov teeb meem lom neeg los yog cov tshuaj metabolic hauv cov tshuaj sib txuas ua ke thiab tuaj yeem pab ntsuas kev siv tshuaj me me thaum hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg rau kev kawm tsiaj.
Bovine Livier Maas
Bovine Lier microsomes, muab tau los ntawm nyuj, yog tshwj xeeb siv rau hauv kev kawm cov metabolism ntawm cov tsiaj txhu siv hauv cov tsiaj txhu. Nyuj tau sib txawv metabolic pathwed rau tib neeg, tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua si ntawm qee yam enzymes koom nrog hauv theem kuv metabolism. Bovine Liver microsomes tau siv los kwv yees li cas cov kws kho tsiaj ntawv lossis tshuaj ua liaj ua teb yuav raug tshuaj hauv nyuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov microsomes no tau siv los tshawb xyuas cov peev xwm seem nyob hauv cov nqaij thiab mis, pab kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm bovaces microsomes muab cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tsiaj txhu kev tsim kho ntawm kev ua yeeb yam vim muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv. Txuas ntxiv rau Bovine,Nees Liver Maas,Yaj Liv Kev Ntsuas Xyuas MicenerthiabTshis twm hiv plab medomesyog wildly siv.
Nqaij qaib lival Mahaus
Nqaij qaib microoses, thaum tsis tshua siv tau siv ntau dua li cov los ntawm cov tsiaj yug tsiaj, tuaj yeem pab tau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm Avian Metabolism. Hom nqaij hlav me me microsomes suav nrogDuck Lier microsomes,Qaib Cov Mob Ntsuas Xyuas Micener,Qaib ntxhw MicromotomesthiabQuail Lier MicrosulomesCov. Ua haujlwm soj ntsuam seb cov tshuaj yuav ua tiav cov hom avian. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho cov kws kho tsiaj rau nqaij qaib, ntxiv rau hauv kev kawm ib puag ncig kom nkag siab cov metabolism hauv cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem nkag cov khoom noj khoom haus los ntawm cov noog.
Ntses Daim Siab Maas
Ntses Lier microsomes, tshwj xeeb tshaj zaj sawvTrout Lier microsomes, yog ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig thiab lom neeg. Ntses yog nkag siab tshwj xeeb rau ib puag ncig cov pa phem, thiab lawv cov kab mob me me tau ua rau cov kab mob metabolic ntawm kev ua kom cov kab mob metabolic ntawm cov paug tsis huv hauv etatic ecosystems. Cov microsterices kuj tseem siv los kawm cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov tshuaj thiab kev lag luam yam ntxwv, kev lag luam hauv lub neej.
Tag
Microsomes ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum ntxov ntawm kev txhim kho kev siv yeeb tshuaj los ntawm kev pov hwm kev ruaj khov thiab chaw muag tshuaj stabic. Los ntawm kev siv cov teeb meem microsisists, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tuaj yeem ntsuam xyuas theem I thiab theem II met II duab muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas, thiab ntsuas cov nqaij mos - Cov metabolism tshwj xeeb. Qhov muaj ntawm microsomes los ntawm ntau hom, suav nrog tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, ua kom muaj kev sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj metabolism hauv tib neeg thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov tebchaw tshiab. Raws li cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho tshuaj ntxiv txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, cov qauv micrels yuav tseem muaj cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev nrhiav kev nyab xeeb dua thiab cov tshuaj zoo.
Cov ntsiab lus: Cov metabolism stability, theem kuv cov metabolism, thawb microsomes, kev txhim kho micrubomes, UDPGA, 0.1m PBS, Tis - HCL, tib neeg microsomes, cynomolgus lub siab tawv me me, micrival microsomes, Mas Liver micromomes, Gerbillinae liver microsomes, Balbie Lier microidomes, Felge Liver micromomes, Liver Cardomes, Nees Siab Microu, yaj Lier microsomomes, tshis hiver microsomes, Quail Lier Microsulomes
Phau ntawv
O 2 tus cab kuj tau yooj yim o 2 thauj hauv hepatic hollow fiber ntau bioreactor - Daim duab tshawb fawb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Muaj los ntawm:https://www.researchgate.net/figinate/phase asensorwayithwoSwrughydrugolism nyiaj ntxiv34_fig4_267837256
Dissecting cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm theem II metabolites ntawm ibuprofen thiab lwm NSAIDs nrog tib neeg ntshav protein - Daim duab tshawb fawb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/tej-Shiv---PoTsophofof1_2657 [nkag mus 3 Apr 2025]
Lub Sijhawm Post: 2025 - 04 - 03 11:50:30