Microsomes: qhov nyiam hauv vitro metabolic qauv rau kev tshawb tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tsis sib xws

Microsomes: qhov nyiam hauv vitro metabolic qauv rau kev tshawb tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tsis sib xws

Micromoomes: txhais thiab ua haujlwm

Feem ntau, microsomes xa mus rau spherical, vesicular membrane raug kwv yees li endoplasmic reticogenization thiab kev sib txawv centrifugation. Cov no yog heterogeneous cov rooj sib tham muaj ob lub tswv yim tseem ceeb: er cov mis thiab ribosomes. Cov microsomes feem ntau yog cytochrome P450 (CYP450) OXIDE lub luag haujlwm hauv Oxidative hauv oxidative hauv oxidative hauv oxidative hauv oxidative hauv oxidative hauv oxidative hauv oxidative hauv oxidative hauv oxidative cov metabolism, uas yog cov enzymes tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj metabolism hauv yeeb tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv vitro, microsnomes khaws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ER, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv protein, thiab lipid biosynthesis, muab rau cov txheej txheem bihochemical rau kev kawm ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus thiab pharmorological.

Daim duab 1: Cov microsomes (Source: Internet)

1. Cov kabmob nruab nrab hauv cov tshuaj metabolism hauv cov tshuaj

Cov metabolism hauv yeeb tshuaj yog hais txog cov tshuaj lom neeg undergoes hauv lub cev, ua rau cov qauv hloov kho. Tus txheej txheem no, tseem hu ua biotransformation, feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov plab hnyuv siab raum xws li daim siab, raum, mob plab, hnyuv, thiab tawv nqaij, thiab tawv nqaij. Ntawm cov no, lub siab yog tus thawjtaus ntawm cov tshuaj metabolism, ua raws li los ntawm ob lub raum raws li qhov thib ob uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nruab nrog.

Hauv daim siab, tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab ua rau cov kev hloov pauv uas feem ntau yuav tau cais ob ntu: Theem Kuv metabolism thiab theem II metabolism.

• Theem Kuv metabolism (theem kuv xav tau): Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no, feem ntau suav nrog cov pab pawg hauv nruab nrab, feem ntau suav nrog cov pab pawg electrophilic thiab cov pa taws radicals. Cov kev tawm tsam no yuav ua rau hepatotoxicity.
• Theem II metabolism (Ntu II Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv): Cov kev tawm tsam no muaj cov kev sib txuam, uas feem ntau ua haujlwm rau cov tshuaj. Tom qab metabolism, feem ntau quav yeeb yaj kiab poob lawv cov chaw muag tshuaj, txawm hais tias ib haiv neeg muag tshuaj, txawm hais tias ib haiv neeg tsawg yuav dhau los ua cov neeg kho mob nquag.

Lub siab tuav kwv yees li ntawm 70% - 80% ntawm tag nrho cov metabolism hauv tag nrho cov metabolism, underscoring nws lub luag haujlwm hauv paus hauv biotransformation.

Ntxiv rau daim siab, ob lub raum pab txhawb cov metabolism hauv cov tshuaj, suav nyiaj rau li 10% - 20% ntawm kev ua haujlwm metabolic. Lub raum pov tshuaj thiab lawv cov metabolites los ntawm kev lim thiab tso pa tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub peev xwm rau cov tshuaj ua yeeb tshuaj yog qhov tsawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kev sib txuam ntawm qee yam tshuaj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig kev lom zem.

Tshaj li daim siab thiab ob lub raum, lwm lub cev thiab cov plab zom mov thiab lub ntsws kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tshuaj yeeb tshuaj, thiab cov metabolism, txawm hais tias qhov tsawg dua.

Daim duab 2: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catchalyzed los ntawm MonooxyGenase (Source: Internet)

2. Cov enzymes tseem ceeb hauv tshuaj yeeb yaj plab

Raws li tau tham txog, yeeb tshuaj metabolism feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov ua haujlwm zoo ntawm ntau qhov enzyme hauv daim siab, raum, cov plab zom mov, thiab lwm yam plab hnyuv siab raum, thiab lwm yam plab hnyuv siab raum Nkag siab txog Enzymatic cov lus qhia ntawm cov kabmob no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj metabolism.

Cov enzymes koom nrog cov tshuaj metabolism feem ntau yog feem ntau muab rau hauv ob chav kawm: microsomal enzyme systems thiab tsis yog - microsomomal enzyme.

• Micromeesomal enzyme Systems:
  Cov enzymes feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv Lipophilic Wee ntawm Endoplasmic reticulum hauv lub siab thiab lwm lub hlwb. Cov pab pawg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm oxidative enzymes nyob rau hauv hepatic microsomes yog tus kws kho mob microsomal sib xyaw, tseem hu ua monooxygenases (CYP450). Cov enzymes no sawv cev rau thawj txoj hauv kev rau cov tshuaj metabolism hauv lub cev, muaj peev xwm ntawm catalyzing ntau ntawm cov oxidative. Cov txheej txheem biotransformation catalyzed los ntawm cov enzymes no yuav tsum tau koom nrog Cytochrome P450 (Molecular Oxygen, tsis yog - Hime hlau protein, thiab lwm cov chofactors.
  Tsis tas li ntawd, UDP - GluonossylTses (wearts), ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm theem II metabolism, kuj tseem nyob rau ntawm cov kev ua kom sov endoplasmic, ua ovt enzymes ib feem ntawm microsomal system.
• Tsis yog - microsomal enzyme tshuab:
  Kuj tseem yog tias yog hom II enzymes, cov no suav nrog Umts, Sulfotransferases (sulutathione - S - Hloov chaw (GSTS), thiab amino acid conzymes. Tsis yog - microsomomal enzymes feem ntau feem ntau pab txhawb theem II metabolism.

Dhau ntawm nws lub luag hauj lwm lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj cov dej thiab hluav taws xob xaus thiab cov khoom siv exogenous thiab exogenous cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau theem I thiab theem II metabolic biotransformations.

• Theem Kuv Metabolism hauv lub raum:
  Xws li P450 enzymes, dehydrogenases, thiab ntau txoj kev saib xyuas thiab cov haujlwm yog qis dua cov kev sim siab, ua kom lub raum me me kuv metabolism tsawg dua.
• Theem II metabolism hauv lub raum:
  Feem ntau cuam tshuam dab tsi, sultions, GSTs, Nats, thiab amino acids conzymes, ua ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj Renal tshuaj.

Cov hnyuv, raws li ib qho ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab tshaj plaws, tseem ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj metabolism. Nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv loj, ntau cov yeeb tshuaj raug cov tshuaj lom neeg metogololic uas hloov pauv mus rau hauv ntau cov metcretable thiab tshem tawm metabolites. Cov txheej txheem metabolic tshwm sim los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev:

1. Enzymatic metabolism hauv plab hnyuv epithelial cells, uas cuam tshuam nrog enzymes xws li cy450, Upts, thiab Lipases.
2. Microbial - Kho me me metabolism los ntawm plab hnyuv loj.

Ua ke, cov txheej txheem Enzymatic hauv cov kabmob sib txawv kom cov tshuaj metabolism sib txawv thiab kev pom zoo ntawm cov roj av metabolism hauv lub cev.

Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nce qib txuas ntxiv hauv cov tshuaj, nqus tau cov xim tseem ceeb, thiab kev ua txhaum sai sai, thiab muaj peev xwm los ntawm thawj zaug - hla metabolism hla. Tsis zoo li cov tshuaj pleev qhov ncauj, nqus tau cov tshuaj noj kom ncaj qha rau lub pulmonary cov ntaub so ntswg, zam kev ua siab zoo ua ntej - Kwv Txhiaj. Qhov tseem ceeb no tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb xyuas cov metabolism hauv lub ntsws kom nqus tau cov hmoov av.

Lub ntsws muaj ntau yam tshuaj - metabolizing enzymes, suav nrog cov enzymes, xws li cov enzymes, moncoine oxidases, thiab flavin - muaj monooxygenases. Ntawm cov no, pulmonary P450 enzymes ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm xenobiotics, qhov inactivation ntawm nqus cov tshuaj carcinogens, thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm cov co toxins.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus xaus,Cov metabolism hauv lub cev feem ntau yog ib tus txheej txheem sib zog ua ke nrog ntau cov kabmob thiab cov tshuab enzyme. Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm thaum ntxov tsis muaj kev kawm ua haujlwm theem pib, xaiv cov qauv tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj peev xwm thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb metabolizing enzymes.

3. Hauv cov qauv tshuaj vitro tshuaj metabolism: microsomes

Piv rau Vivo Metabolism kev tshawb nrhiav, hauv cov kev tshawb fawb vitro, tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam ncaj qha ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov enzymes. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Vitro Metabolism cov qauv tau dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv uas xav tau qhov kev xaiv thaum ntxov. Cov qauv qauv rau hauv VeneRro tshuaj metabolism tshawb fawb suav nrog microsomes, s9 feem, cytosol, nqaij homogenates, thiab cov cells. Muab hais tias lub siab yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj metabolism, hepatic hlwb thiab lawv cov txheej txheem subcellular-xws li daim tawv micromes, lub siab s9 cov zauv feem, daim siab cov leeg homogenates, thiab daim siab cytosol-yog thawj qauv rau kev kawm cov metabolism hauv yeeb tshuaj.

Cov microsomes, tshwj xeeb, yog vesicular membrane cov qauv tau los ntawm fragmented endopmented endoplasmic reticulum uas tus kheej - Lawv tau faib tawm hauv cov plab hnyuv siab raum xws li daim siab, raum, hnyuv, thiab lub ntsws. Raws li microsomes muaj theem kuv enzymes zoo li Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) thiab cov Elcomins ntau yam ntawm cov pathonic ntau rau ntau yam tshuaj. Yog li, xaiv cov ntaub so ntswg - Cov microsomes yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb nyob hauv hauv cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj vitro tshuaj metabolism.

Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov lus qhia txuj ci rau kev tshawb fawb tsis yog tshuaj, cov nas Guinea, cov dev, cov me me npua, thiab cov liab yog siv ntau. Rau cov tshuaj tshiab, tsawg kawg yog ob hom yuav tsum ua haujlwm, nrog ib qho yog ib tus nas thiab lwm yam tsis yog - cov tsiaj tsis - ib hom nas. Tshaj cov tsiaj txhu tsiaj, tib neeg cov ntaub ntawv-xws li tib neeg lub siab microsomes-tseem tau hais txog raws li cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb tsis yog. Yog li, xaiv microsomes los ntawm ntau hom, suav nrog tib neeg, yog pivotal xav txog hauv kev tshawb fawb tshuaj metabolism.

Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm no,Athe, raws li ib tug thawj coj ntawm cov khoom lag luam vitro biological, tau ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv micros, tau ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv micros, suav nrog tib neeg, nrog rau tib neeg, dev, nas, thiab nas. Cov khoom no muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kab sib txawv, kev ruaj khov ruaj khov, P450 inhibition, thiab metabolic enzyme phenotyping.

Nrog nruj nruj tswj kev ntsuas, lub tsev nyiaj IPHE saib cov khoom ntseeg tau, pab cov neeg siv khoom txuag lub sijhawm thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Ipase microsomes yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau hauv cov vitro tsis yog kev tshawb fawb.

Qhov Zoo ntawm Iphase Cov Khoom Siv:

• Ua raws li:Txhua cov ntaub so ntswg siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom yog muaj los ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj raws nrog kev pom tseeb lub teeb meem.
• Kev Nyab Xeeb:Cov ntaub so ntswg ntau lawm raug sim rau pathogens kom ntseeg tau cov khoom zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb.
• Zoo siab:Cov khoom lag luam raug teeb tsa txoj kev tswj hwm sab hauv, ua kom muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg xais nrog tsawg tshaj Inter - Batch hloov pauv.
• Customizity:Ua cov khoom lag luam microshed los ntawm cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntaub so ntswg muaj kom tau raws li cov neeg yuav tsum tau ua.

Siv ntau xyoo ntawm R & D kev txawj ntse,AtheTau tsim cov siab siab - Kawg tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntau lub teb thiab pawg. Cov khoom no tuaj ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau thaum ntxov - Kev tsim cov khoom siv - Kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, thiab cov tswv yim rau kev tshawb nrhiav lub neej kev kawm. Lawv tseem muab cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim rau kev tshawb fawb txog caj ces hauv cov zaub mov, cov chaw muag tshuaj, thiab tshuaj lom neeg.

Peb cia siab tias yuav txhawb nqa cov kws tshawb nrhiav nrog peb cov khoom lag luam tshiab thiab txhim khu kev qha!



Nyem rau sab xis khawm tiv tauj peb!