Nnwale Ames na ọmụmụ Genotoxicity: Nkume Nkume nke Nnwale Nnwale Genetic n'okpuru Ntuziaka OECD 471

Okwu:Ames Test, Obere Ames Test, Ames Microfluctuations Test, Fluctuations Test, Ames II, Induced S9, S9 Mix, Metabolic activation System, Ames Testing, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, OECD 471, Mutagenicity test, Genotoxicity, Genetic Toxicity

Ngwaahịa IPHASE

Mmalite nke ule Ames na ọrụ ya na nsí mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa

NkeAmes ule, makwaara dị kaNnwale mgbanwe mgbanwe nje, bụ nyocha ntọala nagenotoxicitynamutagenicity ule. Dr. Bruce Ames mebere n'afọ ndị 1970, ule a na-achọpụta ikemkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa toxicitysite n'ịtụle ikike nke ihe kemịkal ịkpata mmụgharị na DNA nke nje bacteria. Nnwale a abụrụla ọkọlọtọ na-achịkwa n'ụwa niile ma amata ya n'okpuru NtuziakaOECD 471, nke na-enye usoro maka ịme ule ahụ nke ọma na n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

Ụkpụrụ nke Ames Test na Genotoxicity Studies

N'isi ya, Ames Test na-enyocha ike ihe nwere ike ịkpalite mmụgharị n'ụdị ụdị Salmonella typhimurium emepụtara pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ Escherichia coli nwere ntụpọ na njikọ histidine. Ụdị nje ndị a enweghị ike itolite na histidine - mgbasa ozi erughi eru ma ọ bụrụ na mmụgharị weghachi ikike biosynthetic ha. Mgbe mutagen dị, ọ na-abawanye ọnụego nke ndị dị otú ahụ"mgbanwe mgbanwe,”na-egosi nsí mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere ike ime.

Nnwale a na-enye ụzọ dị mfe ma dị ike iji buru amụma mutagenicity na ọrịa cancer nwere ike ime na mmadụ. Dị ka nke a, ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ nyocha bụ isi na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka kemịkalụ, ọgwụ, ihe mgbakwunye nri, na ihe atụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ọrụ nke Mgbalite Metabolic: Ngwakọta S9 na S9 butere

Akụkụ dị mkpa nke ule mutagenicity ọ bụla, gụnyere Ames Test, bụ ntinye nke ausoro metabolic arụ ọrụ. Ọtụtụ kemịkalụ abụghị mutagenic ozugbo mana ha chọrọ mgbanwe metabolic iji gosipụta mmetụta genotoxic. Nke a bụ ebeNgwakọta S9-nkwadebe nke enzymes imeju, nke sitere na yaewepụtara S9iberibe imeju òké-na-abata n'ime egwuregwu. Ngwakọta S9 na-eme ka metabolism nke anụ ahụ mammalian, na-enye nleba anya n'ụzọ anụ ahụ karịa nke ogige ule'ikike nke mutagenic.

A na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka Aroclor 1254 eme ihe iji kwalite ọdịnaya enzyme nke anụ ahụ imeju nke a na-eji akwadebe akụkụ S9. Ntinye nke sistemu S9 a kpalitere na-eme ka a mata na promutagens (ngwakọta chọrọ ịgbalite) ka agbanwere nke ọma na ụdị mutagenic ha na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ule.

Nnwale Obere Ames na Ames Microfluctuations Test: Kọmpat na Nhọrọ dị mma

Ọganihu ndị na-adịbeghị anya ebutela mmepe nke ụdị dị ntakịrị dị ka ndịObere Ames TestnaAmes Microfluctuations Ule, makwaara dị kaNnwale mgbanwe mgbanwe. Usoro ndị a na-ebelata nke ukwuu nke ihe nnwale na reagents achọrọ, na-eme ka ha dabara maka nleba anya n'oge -

Nnwale mgbanwe mgbanwe na-eji omenala mmiri mmiri dochie efere agar n'ime efere microtiter wee tụọ mgbanwe pH dị ka ihe na-egosi uto nje, na-enye ohere ngwa ngwa, ọnụ ahịa - ịchọpụta ọrụ mutagenic dị irè. Ụzọ ọhụrụ ndị a na-echekwa nhịahụ sayensị nke nyocha ọdịnala ma na-eme ka arụmọrụ arụ ọrụ dịkwuo mma, karịsịa na nyocha nke nnukwu ọba akwụkwọ.

Ames II: Enwetara Mmetụta na Nnwale Mutagenicity

NkeAmes IINnwale na-anọchi anya mgbanwe n'ihu na nnwale mutagenicity, nke emebere iji mee ka achọpụta ihe maka mutagens adịghị ike. Ọ na-ejikọta usoro nyocha Ames ọdịnala yana omenala nkwusioru mmiri, nke na-enye ohere maka njupụta cell dị elu na oge ikpughe ogologo oge. Ntọlite ​​a na-eme ka ohere nke iweghara mmetụta mutagenic dị nro, na-emezi nyocha nyocha ihe egwu, ọkachasị maka oke oke ma ọ bụ dị ala - dose gentoxins.

Nnwale Ames emelitere yana ule mgbanwe mgbanwe nje n'okpuru OECD 471

NkeNnwale Ames emelitere, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, kwekọrọ na ụkpụrụ nduzi mba ụwa n'okpuru OECD 471. Ntuziaka a na-akọwapụta usoro nhazi maka ịme nyocha Ames, gụnyere nhọrọ nhọrọ, ojiji nke mmegharị nke metabolic, nkọwa data, na nchịkọta akụkọ.

Nrube isi na OECD 471 na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi na mmeghari nke nsonaazụ ule ahụ, na-eme ka ha nabata ndị na-ahụ maka nhazi dịka FDA, EMA, na EPA. Nnwale Ames emelitere na-ejikọta ọtụtụ ụdị, ma na-enweghị sistemụ ịgbalite metabolism nke S9, iji nye ntule mutagenicity ụdịdị dị iche iche.

Mkpebi: Uru Na-adịgide adịgide nke Ames Test na Ntụle nsi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa

N'ime odida obodo nke nnwale nsí mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, Ames Test na usoro ya ọgbara ọhụrụ ka dị mkpa. Ma emere ya dị ka nyocha nnabata nke efere oge gboo ma ọ bụ dị ka Obere Ames, Ames II, ma ọ bụ Mgbanwe mgbanwe, ọ na-ebuga data a pụrụ ịdabere na ya mgbe niile iji kwado nyocha nchekwa. Site na ijikọ ịgbalite metabolic site na S9 Mix, na-agbaso ụkpụrụ OECD 471, yana ịkwalite nkwalite teknụzụ, Ames Test na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe maka mkpa nyocha nke genotoxicity nke oge a.