Teko ea Ames Lithutong tsa Genotoxicity: Lejoe la Sekhutlo la Teko ea Chefo ea Liphatsa tsa lefutso Tlas'a OECD 471 Tataiso.

Mantsoe a sehlooho:Teko ea Ames, Teko e nyane ea Ames, Teko ea Ames Microfluctuations, Teko ea Liphetoho, Ames II, E Induced S9, S9 Mix, Sistimi ea ts'ebetso ea Metabolic, Teko e Ntlafalitsoeng ea Ames, Teko ea Phetoho ea Baktheria, OECD 471, Teko ea Mutagenicity, Genotoxicity, Chefo ea Liphatsa tsa lefutso.

IPHASE Lihlahisoa

Kenyelletso ea Teko ea Ames le Karolo ea Eona ho Chefo ea Liphatsa tsa lefutso

TheAmes Test, e tsejoang hape e le theTeko ea Phetoho ea Phetoho ea Libaktheria, ke tlhahlobo ea motheo holefu la genotoxicityletlhahlobo ea mutagenicity. E thehiloe ke Dr. Bruce Ames lilemong tsa bo-1970, tlhahlobo e lemoha bokhonichefo ea lefutsoka ho hlahloba bokhoni ba lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale ho susumetsa liphetoho ho DNA ea baktheria. Teko ena e fetohile tekanyetso ea taolo lefatšeng ka bophara 'me e amoheloa tlas'a TataisoOECD 471, e fanang ka moralo oa ho etsa tlhahlobo ka botšepehi le ka mokhoa oa ho ikatisa.

Molao-motheo oa Teko ea Ames Lithutong tsa Genotoxicity

Motheong oa eona, Teko ea Ames e lekola bokhoni ba ntho ea ho susumetsa liphetoho mefuteng e ikhethileng ea Salmonella typhimurium kapa Escherichia coli e nang le bothata ho synthesis ea histidine. Mefuta ena ea baktheria e ke ke ea hola ho histidine-mecheng ea litaba e haellang ntle le haeba phetoho e khutlisetsa matla a bona a biosynthetic. Ha mutagen e le teng, e eketsa sekhahla sa joalo“fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso,”e bontšang chefo e ka bang teng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Teko ena e fana ka mokhoa o bonolo empa o le matla oa ho bolela esale pele mutagenicity le kankere e ka bang teng ho batho. Ka hona, ke sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa tlhahlobo lithutong tsa genotoxicity bakeng sa lik'hemik'hale, meriana, litlatsetso tsa lijo le lisampole tsa tikoloho.

Karolo ea Ts'ebetso ea Metabolic: E susumelitsoeng ke S9 le S9 Mix

Karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhahlobo efe kapa efe ea mutagenicity, ho kenyeletsoa le Ames Test, ke ho kenyelletsa asisteme ea ts'ebetso ea metabolic. Lik'hemik'hale tse ngata ha li fetohe ka kotloloho empa li hloka phetoho ea metabolic ho bonts'a litlamorao tsa genotoxic. Mona ke mooS9 Mix-tokiso ea li-enzyme tsa sebete, tseo hangata li nkiloeng ho tsonae hlahisitse S9likaroloana tsa sebete sa likhoto-kena papaling. S9 Mix e etsisa metabolism ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, e fana ka tlhahlobo e amanang le 'mele ea motsoako oa liteko.'s matla a phetoho.

Li-induction agents tse kang Aroclor 1254 li atisa ho sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa enzyme ea lisele tsa sebete tse sebelisetsoang ho lokisa karoloana ea S9. Ho kenyelletsoa ha mokhoa ona oa S9 o kentsoeng ho netefatsa hore li-promutagens (lik'hemik'hale tse hlokang ts'ebetso) li fetoloa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng hore e be mefuta ea tsona e sebetsang ea mutagenic nakong ea tlhahlobo.

Teko e Menyane ea Ames le Teko ea Ames Microfluctuations: Mekhoa e Meng e Tšoanang le e Sebetsang

Lintlafatso tsa morao-rao li lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea lifomate tse nyane joalo kamini Ames TestleTeko ea Ames Microfluctuations, e tsejoang hape e le theTeko ea Liphetoho. Liforomo tsena li fokotsa haholo palo ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo le li-reagents tse hlokahalang, li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa ha sethala le maemo a phahameng-matla.

Teko ea Fluctuations e nkela lipoleiti tsa agar sebaka ka meetlo ea metsi ka har'a lipoleiti tsa microtiter mme e lekanya liphetoho tsa pH e le sesupo sa kholo ea baktheria, e nolofalletsang ho lemoha ka potlako, litšenyehelo - ho fumana ts'ebetso ea mutagenic ka potlako. Mekhoa ena e ncha e boloka ho tiea ha saense ea tlhahlobo ea setso ha e ntse e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, haholo-holo tlhahlobong ea lilaebrari tse kholo tse kopaneng.

Ames II: Boikutlo bo Ntlafetseng ho Teko ea Mutagenicity

TheAmes IITeko e emela phetoho e 'ngoe ea tlhahlobo ea mutagenicity, e etselitsoeng ho eketsa kutloisiso ea li-mutagen tse fokolang. E kopanya moralo oa tloaelo oa Ames le litloaelo tsa ho emisa metsi, tse lumellang hore ho be le letsoalo le phahameng la lisele le nako ea ho pepeseha ha nako e telele. Setupo sena se ntlafatsa menyetla ea ho hapa litlamorao tse sa bonahaleng tsa mutagenic, ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea kotsi, haholo-holo bakeng sa li-genotoxins tsa moeli kapa tse tlase.

Teko e Ntlafalitsoeng ea Ames le Teko ea Phetoho ea Baktheria e Fetohang tlas'a OECD 471

TheTeko ea Ames e ntlafalitsoeng, ka linako tse ling e bitsoa Tlhahlobo ea Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, e lumellana le tataiso ea machaba tlas'a OECD 471. Tataiso ena e hlalosa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea Ames, ho kenyeletsa khetho ea khatello, tšebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea metabolic, tlhaloso ea data, le tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo.

Ho latela melao ea OECD 471 ho netefatsa ho tšepahala le ho sebetsa hape ha liphetho tsa liteko, ho etsa hore li amoheloe ke mekhatlo e laolang joalo ka FDA, EMA, le EPA. Teko e Ntlafetseng ea Ames hangata e kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata, ka bobeli le ntle le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea metabolic ea S9, ho fana ka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea-spectrum mutagenicity.

Qetello: Boleng bo sa Feleng ba Tlhahlobo ea Ames ho Tlhahlobo ea Chefo ea Liphatsa tsa lefutso

Sebakeng sa tlhahlobo ea chefo ea lefutso, Teko ea Ames le lihlahisoa tsa eona tsa sejoale-joale e ntse e le tsa bohlokoa. Hore na e entsoe e le tlhahlobo ea lipoleiti tsa khale kapa tlhahlobo e nyane ea Ames, Ames II, kapa Fluctuations Test, e lula e fana ka lintlha tse tšepahalang ho ts'ehetsa liteko tsa polokeho. Ka ho kopanya ts'ebetso ea metabolism ka S9 Mix, ho latela litekanyetso tsa OECD 471, le ho ntlafatsa ntlafatso ea theknoloji, Tlhahlobo ea Ames e tsoela pele ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tsa lipatlisiso tsa mehleng ea kajeno tsa genotoxicity.