Lysosomes, nā ʻāpana o ka cellular self-digestion

Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka biotechnology, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā lāʻau antitumor i manaʻo ʻia e like me nā pūhui mole liʻiliʻi, oligonucleotides a me nā biologics ua holomua wikiwiki, ma waena o nā lāʻau siRNA / RNAi a me ADC ka mea kaulana loa a makemake ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau antitumor e nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau. Pono nā hoʻokolohua in vitro e nānā i ke kūpaʻa a me ka palekana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, anā lysosomeshe mea nui i ka in vitro metabolism noiʻi huahana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o siRNA / RNAi a me nā lāʻau ADC.

Nā huahana IPHASE

Introduction to lysosomes

LysosomesHe mau ʻāpana ʻāpana-membrane i loko o nā pūnaewele eukaryotic e wāwahi ana i nā biomolecules e like me nā protein, nucleic acids a me polysaccharides, a ua ʻike mua ʻia i loko o nā hepatocytes ʻiole i ka makahiki 1955 e ka haumāna Belgian Cristian de Duve (1917-2013) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He ʻano ʻano like ʻole nā Lysosomes, maʻamau nā hale vesicular o 0.025-0.8 μm, a loaʻa ma mua o 60 hydrolytic enzymes e like me ka acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, histone protease, a me acetyltransferase, he hui ia o nā enzyme hydrolytic me ka pH maikaʻi loa i loko o ka ʻāpana acidic pH5.5. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano kikoʻī o nā lysosomes a me ke kaiapuni hana ʻawaʻawa, ʻo nā mea i kūpono no ka hana phosphatase acid i ʻike pinepine ʻia he lysosomes.

Diagram of the lysosomes. Kiʻi i hana ʻia e Figdraw.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā lysosomes

E like me nā lysosomes e hana ana i nā ʻāpana ʻakika, ʻekolu mau hiʻohiʻona ko lākou mau enzyme:

1) ʻO ka ʻili lysosomal he glycosylated nui, e kōkua ana e pale iā ia iho mai ka hydrolysis enzymatic. He mau glycoproteins ka hapa nui o ka membrane, a ʻo ka ʻili o loko o ka membrane lysosomal ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, e kōkua ana i nā enzymes i loko o nā lysosomes e noho manuahi. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana maʻamau a me ka pale ʻana i ke kelepona ponoʻī mai ka ʻeli ʻana;

2) Hoʻoikaika maikaʻi nā enzyme hydrolytic āpau ma kahi o pH=5, akā ʻo kā lākou cytoplasm a puni he pH = 7.2. Aia i loko o ka membrane lysosomal kahi protein transporter kūikawā e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i ka ikehu o ka ATP hydrolysis e paʻi i ka H+ (hydrogen ions) mai ka cytoplasm i loko o nā lysosomes i mea e mālama ai i kona pH=5;

3) Hoʻohana nā enzymes i loko o nā lysosomes i kā lākou hana catabolic wale nō ke komo ka mea hydrolyzed i nā lysosomes. I ka wā e haki ai ka membrane lysosomal a pakele nā ​​enzyme hydrolyzing, e hopena ʻia ka autolysis cellular.

Hana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana onā lysosomes

ʻO ka hana nui o nā lysosomes ʻo ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, kahi okana digestive intracellular, a me ka autolysis cellular, pale, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau mea pili i ka lysosomal digestion. ʻO kāna hana hoʻokō he ʻelua ʻano, ʻo ia ka hui ʻana me nā vesicle meaʻai e hoʻoheheʻe i ka meaʻai i loko o nā biomolecules a me ka hoʻoemi ʻana i nā organelles senescent a i ʻole biomolecules i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻohou ʻana o ke kino.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lysosomes i nā lysosomes mua, nā lysosomes lua a me ke kino koena e like me nā pae like ʻole o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā lākou mau hana physiological.