Lysosomes, ziwalo za ma cell kudzikonda - chimbudzi

Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha biotechnology, chitukuko cha mankhwala oletsa antitumor monga mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a mamolekyu, oligonucleotides ndi biologics apita patsogolo mofulumira, omwe siRNA / RNAi ndi ADC mankhwala ndi omwe amadziwika kwambiri komanso omwe amasankhidwa kuti apange mankhwala oletsa antitumor ndi makampani ambiri opanga mankhwala. Kuyesa kwa in vitro ndikofunikira kuti muwone kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala, ndilysosomesNdizofunikira kwambiri mu vitro metabolism kafukufuku pakupanga mankhwala a siRNA/RNAi ndi ADC.

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Chiyambi cha lysosomes

Lysosomesndi osakwatiwa-maselo am'mimba m'maselo a eukaryotic omwe amaphwanya ma biomolecules monga mapuloteni, nucleic acid ndi polysaccharides, ndipo adapezeka koyamba mu hepatocyte ya makoswe mu 1955 ndi katswiri wa ku Belgium Cristian de Duve (1917-2013) ndi ena. Lysosomes ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri ma vesicular a 0.025 - 0.8 μm, ndipo amakhala ndi michere yopitilira 60 ya hydrolytic monga acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, histone protease, ndi acetyltransferase, omwe ndi gulu la ma hydrolytic enzymes omwe ali ndi pH yabwino kwambiri ya hydrolytic ndi pH ya hydrolytic. ma enzymes ndi 3.5 - 5.5. Poganizira ndondomeko ya mapangidwe a lysosomes ndi malo ogwirira ntchito acidic, Zinthu zomwe zimakhala zabwino pa ntchito ya asidi phosphatase nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti lysosomes.

Chithunzi cha lysosomes. Chithunzi chopangidwa ndi Figdraw.

Makhalidwe a lysosomes

Monga ma lysosomes omwe amagwira ntchito m'madera acidic, ma enzymes awo amakhala ndi zinthu zitatu:

1) The lysosomal pamwamba kwambiri glycosylated, amene amathandiza kudziteteza ku enzymatic hydrolysis. Mapuloteni a Membrane nthawi zambiri amakhala glycoproteins, ndipo mkati mwa lysosomal nembanemba imakhala yoyipa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma enzymes mu lysosomes akhale omasuka. Izi ndizofunika kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino komanso kuteteza selo lokha kuti lisagayidwe;

2) Onse michere hydrolytic ndi optimally yogwira pa pH = 5, koma ozungulira cytoplasm ali pH = 7.2. Nembanemba ya lysosomal imakhala ndi puloteni yapadera ya transporter yomwe ingagwiritse ntchito mphamvu ya ATP hydrolysis kupopera H + (hydrogen ions) kuchokera ku cytoplasm kupita ku lysosomes kuti ikhalebe pH = 5;

3) Ma enzymes omwe ali mu lysosomes amagwira ntchito yawo ya catabolic pokhapokha chinthu cha hydrolyzed chimalowa mu lysosomes. Katundu wa lysosomal ukang'ambika ndipo ma enzymes a hydrolyzing amathawa, ma cell autolysis amayamba.

Ntchito ndi gulu lalysosomes

Udindo waukulu wa ma lysosomes ndi chimbudzi, chiwalo cham'mimba, ndi ma cell autolysis, chitetezo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zonse zokhudzana ndi chimbudzi cha lysosomal. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndi pawiri, ndiko kuti, kuphatikizika ndi ma vesicles a chakudya kugaya chakudya kukhala ma biomolecules ndi kugaya ma senescent organelles kapena ma biomolecules omwe amapangidwa podzikonzanso -

Ma Lysosomes amatha kugawidwa mu Primary lysosomes, Secondary lysosomes ndi Residual body malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana okwaniritsa ntchito zawo zakuthupi.