Lysosomes, cov kab mob ntawm cov cellular nws tus kheej - digestion

Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm biotechnology, kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me, oligonucleotides thiab biologics tau ua tiav sai, cov tshuaj siRNA / RNAi thiab ADC yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nyiam kev xaiv rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tshuaj. Kev ntsuam xyuas hauv vitro yog tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj, thiabcov lysosomesyog qhov tseem ceeb hauv vitro metabolism hauv kev tshawb fawb cov khoom lag luam hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj siRNA / RNAi thiab ADC.

IPHASE cov khoom

Taw qhia rau lysosomes

Lysosomesyog ib leeg - membrane organelles nyob rau hauv eukaryotic hlwb uas ua txhaum biomolecules xws li cov proteins, nucleic acids thiab polysaccharides, thiab tau xub pom nyob rau hauv nas hepatocytes nyob rau hauv 1955 los ntawm Belgian scholar Cristian de Duve (1917 - 2013) thiab lwm yam. Lysosomes muaj ntau yam duab, feem ntau vesicular qauv ntawm 0.025 - 0.8 μm, thiab muaj ntau tshaj 60 hydrolytic enzymes xws li acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, histone protease, thiab acetyltransferase, uas yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm hydrolytic peptides nyob rau hauv lub optimal acid peptide enzymes nyob rau hauv lub optimal acid. enzymes yog 3.5-5.5.Nyob rau hauv saib ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lysosomes thiab cov acidic ua hauj lwm ib puag ncig, cov tshuaj uas zoo rau cov kua qaub phosphatase kev ua ub no feem ntau yog lysosomes.

Daim duab ntawm lysosomes. Duab tsim los ntawm Figdraw.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lysosomes

Raws li lysosomes ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw acidic, lawv cov enzymes muaj peb yam ntxwv:

1) Lub lysosomal nto yog glycosylated heev, uas pab tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm enzymatic hydrolysis. Membrane proteins feem ntau yog glycoproteins, thiab sab hauv ntawm lub lysosomal daim nyias nyias yog qhov tsis zoo, uas pab cov enzymes hauv lysosomes nyob twj ywm dawb. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj thiab tiv thaiv lub cell nws tus kheej los ntawm kev zom;

2) Tag nrho cov enzymes hydrolytic yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm pH = 5, tab sis lawv cov cytoplasm ib puag ncig muaj pH = 7.2. Lub lysosomal daim nyias nyias muaj cov protein thauj tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem siv lub zog ntawm ATP hydrolysis los tso H + (hydrogen ions) los ntawm cytoplasm rau hauv lysosomes txhawm rau tswj nws cov pH = 5;

3) Cov enzymes hauv lysosomes siv lawv lub luag haujlwm catabolic tsuas yog thaum cov tshuaj hydrolyzed nkag mus rau lysosomes. Thaum lub lysosomal membrane yog ruptured thiab hydrolyzing enzymes khiav, cellular autolysis yuav tshwm sim.

Function thiab classification ntawmcov lysosomes

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lysosomes yog kev zom zaub mov, lub plab zom mov intracellular, thiab cellular autolysis, kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev siv qee yam tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau kev zom zaub mov lysosomal. Nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm yog ob npaug, uas yog, fusion nrog cov khoom noj vesicles zom cov zaub mov rau hauv biomolecules thiab zom cov senescent organelles lossis biomolecules tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tus kheej - rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub cev.

Lysosomes tuaj yeem muab faib ua Primary lysosomes, Secondary lysosomes thiab Residual body raws li cov theem sib txawv ntawm kev ua tiav lawv lub cev lub cev.