Dab tsi yog n - nitrosamines?

N - nitrosamines

N - nitrosamines, sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv kev cai R1 (R2) n - n = tau tsim los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm n - dimethylformamide (dmf), thiab raug rau cov roj hmab vulcanizing cov neeg sawv cev thiab nitrogen oxides. Cov tebchaw no tau dav nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab cov zaub mov noj xws li huab cua, av, nqaij npuas, thiab dej cawv. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv tuaj yeem tsim tsim thaum lub sijhawm siv yeeb tshuaj.

Carcinogenic muaj peev xwm ntawm n - nitrosamines

Nis nitrosamines ua pov thawj genota Lub koom haum pab cuam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov kabmob kheesxaws (iarc) tau muab cais ob peb n - Dietylnitrosamine (NDA) hauv pab pawg 2a thiab lwm tus hauv pab pawg 2A thiab lwm tus hauv pab pawg 2A thiab lwm tus hauv pab pawg 2a Raws li Cov Sawv Cev Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau kev sib haum xeeb rau kev sau npe NDCinogenic NDSRIS poob nyob rau hauv chav kawm kuv impurities, tsim nyog tswj kev tswj hwm.

Lub carcinogenic xwm ntawm n - nitrosamines stems los ntawm lawv cov metabolites. Raws li lub α - Hydroxylation Hydroxylation accordates HDSris, ua rau muaj kev tsim ntawm Carcinogenic Intermediates uas ua rau DNA Base alkylation thiab kev mob cancer.

Mechanism ntawm NDMA tus Carcinogenicity:

Ndsris

NdsrisPuas yog chav nitrosamines sib koom ua ke cov txheej txheem sib xws rau API (muaj API lossis API lossis ib qho twg rau hauv cov qauv tshuaj) thiab feem ntau tshwj xeeb rau txhua API. NDSRIS daim ntawv los ntawm nitrosation ntawm apis (lossis cov amines, lossis cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov nitrosating xws li nitrite impurities nyob rau hauv expipient. Daim duab 3 Qhia txog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm api muaj cov pab pawg hauv theem nrab ua haujlwm hauv nws cov qauv nrog nitrite raws li cov acidic tej yam kev mob.

Kev tswj hwm thiab kev ntsuas kev nce qib

Kev tswj hwm lub cev zoo li EFSA hais txog kev txo qis n - nitrosamine qib hauv cov khoom noj. Cov hau kev ntsuas hluav taws xob xws li roj chromatography nrog kev ntsuas chickiluminescence, nyob rau hauv cov nqaij yaj (.) Cov nqaij uas tsis tshua pom zoo txij li xyoo 1970.

Cov koom haum tswj hwm n - cov qib Nitrosamine suav nrog:

• Kev Tswj Xyuas Khoom Noj Khoom Haus (FDA): Txwv nyob rau hauv Pharmacuticals thiab Khoom Noj Khoom Noj
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig (EPA): Cov Dej Haus Dej rau Nitrosamine paug
• Kev Tswj Xyuas European (EMA): nruj tswj hwm ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj los txo cov impurities

Tag

N - Nitrosamines tseem ceeb rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv rau lawv vim yog lawv lub zog carcinogenicity thiab muaj lub xub ntiag. Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev tswj hwm kev siv los ua kom txo tau los ntawm kev txhim kho zaub mov ua, tshuaj xyuas kev saib xyuas, thiab cov neeg siv kev paub txog kev paub txog. Kev sib koom tes nyob thoob plaws kev lag luam thiab tsoomfwv yog qhov tseem ceeb kom txo lawv cov kev pheej hmoo zoo.

Cov ntsiab lus: N - Nitrosamines, NDSris, OECD 471, Hamster Lier Kev Ntsuas, Hamster Lier S9, Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, Hloov Mus Kuaj